【作者】 李佳；

【导师】 刘上扶；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 语言迁移是外语学习过程中的常见现象，外语与母语之间的异同之处都会导致迁移现象的发生。当母语的某些特征同外语相似或完全一致时会产生母语的正迁移，反之则产生负迁移。母语的正迁移有助于外语学习，而负迁移却会导致错误的产生。英语和汉语属于两种不同的语系，有相似之处也有不同的地方，体现在包括词汇在内的各个方面。词汇是语言的基石，英语词汇学习过程中的汉语迁移现象更加值得注意，中国儿童在英语词汇学习过程中也不可避免地受到汉语的影响。根据语言迁移、语言普遍现象、儿童语言发展以及语言学习策略等理论，通过分析儿童在学习英语词汇的形式、意义和用法过程中的汉语迁移现象，我们可以得知，汉语之所以会对英语词汇学习产生正迁移，是因为英汉语言作为表达思维的工具有相似的地方，大脑通常会将已知的汉语知识和未知的英语知识加以联系，同时儿童会运用汉语来帮助理解英语，并促成交际任务的完成；而汉语的负迁移发生于英汉两种语言的差别之处，英汉的逐字对译、汉语思维和中国文化都可能引发负迁移的产生。因此可以得出结论：汉语对中国儿童英语词汇学习的迁移作用是不可避免的，且负迁移的影响要比正迁移大，应充分发挥正迁移作用以促进词汇学习，并最大限度地避免其负迁移作用。儿童英语词汇教学应适当利用汉语，英语教师应帮助学生利用各种手段学习词汇，注意对比教学手法的运用，教师应提高自身教学素质，努力为学生创造逼真的英语学习环境，并注意在语言教学中融入英语国家文化教学。儿童难以认清汉语迁移现象，因而儿童英语教师是教学的关键，应具备较高的英语素质，帮助儿童发展包括词汇在内的英语能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Language transfer is a common phenomenon in foreign language learning, which results from the similarities and differences between the foreign language and the mother tongue. Positive transfer takes place where there are similarities between the two languages and will facilitate foreign language learning. While negative transfer results from their differences and will lead to errors. Belonging to two different language families, English and Chinese are different from each other besides some similarities in all aspects including vocabulary. As a stepping-stone for a language, English vocabulary deserves more attention during the study of Chinese transfer. Inevitably, the English vocabulary learning by Chinese children is also influenced by the Chinese language. According to the theories of language transfer, linguistic universals, children’s language development, and learning strategies, the features of Chinese transfer on English vocabulary learning by Chinese children are presented in the aspects of form, meaning, and use. The positive transfer of Chinese takes place because there are similarities between the two languages as vehicles of thought, and human brain will connect the new English knowledge with the Chinese knowledge learnt previously. In addition, Chinese children employ their mother tongue to comprehend English knowledge and, as well, as a means to complete their communication task. In contrast, the negative transfer of Chinese happens at the differences between the two languages. The word-for-word translation, the way of Chinese thinking, and the Chinese culture all cause the negative transfer. To sum up, Chinese transfer takes place inevitably in English vocabulary learning by Chinese children, and the influence of negative transfer is much more than that of positive transfer. So the positive transfer should be maximized with the negative transfer minimized so as to promote children’s English vocabulary learning. In the English vocabulary teaching to Chinese children, English teachers should make proper use of Chinese, help students develop various means of vocabulary learning, make comparison in English teaching, enhance their English quality, offer more native-like environment, and pay attention to the culture of English-speaking countries. Since children are hard to identify the Chinese transfer, their English teachers play a key role in the children’s English learning. They should be qualified to help children develop vocabulary knowledge and the English proficiency as a whole.更多还原