【作者】 韦超；

【导师】 魏远安； 姚评佳；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 应用化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 高吸水性树脂是一种具有超强吸水和保水能力的新型高分子材料，世界各国竞相进行研究开发。目前高吸水性树脂的合成工艺存在反应时间长、能耗大、有废液污染等问题。本文利用辐射技术高效、无需引发剂、无污染等特点，开发了辐射淀粉接枝共聚合成高吸水性树脂的绿色新工艺。 通过对丙烯酸(AA)与木薯淀粉(St)接枝反应的研究，得出不同反应条件对接枝反应的影响规律。在最佳条件下(丙烯酸／淀粉=3.2ml／g，辐照剂量1332Gy)，合成的高吸水性树脂吸水倍率最高达388g／g，吸盐水倍率达53g／g。通过红外谱图和电镜扫描确定了接枝共聚产物的存在。最佳条件下的接枝率为83.98％，侧链粘均相对分子质量M_η为1.11×10~5。 为提高吸水率，在反应物中加入NaOH，制得淀粉与聚丙烯酸钠接枝共聚物。并就辐射剂量、丙烯酸与木薯淀粉配比、中和度对吸水率的影响进行了讨论。通过正交试验，得到优化条件。在优化条件下(丙烯酸／淀粉=2.6中和度为80％，辐照剂量为4.1kGy)，得到吸水和保水性能俱佳的高吸水性树脂。合成的树脂吸水率为1357g／g，吸0.9％NaCl率为153g／g．高吸水性树脂的红外光谱证明淀粉接枝上了丙烯酸钠。 广西大学硕士论文《辐照法淀粉接枝合成高吸水性树脂》 } 本文还对高吸水性树脂的吸水机理进行了讨论，从热力学角度解释了吸水本质，通过「lory公式解释了实验中的一些现象。为进一步建立树脂吸水的数学模型提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Super absorbent resin is a kind of novel polymer material, which has the super-performance of absorbing and retaining water. Many countries have been conducting in its research and development. At present its synthetic technology has such problems as long reaction time, high energy-consuming, and wastewater. In this paper, the irradiation technology was utilized which has many advantages such as high efficiency, without Initiator and pollution in the reaction. And a green novel technology has been developed for synthesizing super absorbent resin, based on the starch graft copolymerization under irradiation.By the research of tapioca starch and acrylic acid graft copolymerization, influencing rules of reaction conditions were discussed. Under the optimal conditions (the proportion of acrylic acid with starch is3.2: 1, radiation dose 1332Gy), water-absorption power of superabsorbent resin is 388g/g, salt-water absorption power is 53g/g. IRspectrum of resin and SEM photograph of resin shows that acrylic acid has been grafted to starch. The graft percentage of optimal conditions is83.98%. The molecular weight is 1.11 105.In order to improve water absorbency, NaOH was added into reacting matter. Starch grafted sodium polyacrylate was make. Effects of Monomer concentration, neutralization degree and irradiation dose on water absorbency were discussed. By orthogonal experiment, optimizing condition was gotten. Under the optimizing condition (the proportion of acrylic acid with starch is 2.6: 1, neutralization degree of acrylic acid is 80%, radiation dose 4.1kGy), water absorbency and water retention performance of super absorbent resin is excellent, water-absorption power of super absorbent resin is 1357g/g, salt-water absorption power is 153g/g. IR spectrum of resin proves that sodium acrylate has been grafted to starch.Water absorbing mechanism of resin has been discussed. The essence of water absorbing is explained from the thermodynamics. Some phenomena in experiments are explained by Flory equation. It can be the reference for further setting the mathematic model of water absorbing.更多还原