【作者】 吴建明；

【导师】 梁和； 陆国盈；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验于2002和2003年进行，设密度（A）与肥料（B）二因素三水平，其中密度A1=4000株／667m²、A2=3500株／667m²、A3=3000株／667m²，月巴料B1=N：24kg／667m²、P₂O₅：8kg／667m²、K₂O：12kg／667m²、B2=N：18kg／667m²、P₂O₅：6kg／667m²、K₂O：9kg／667m²、B3=N：12kg／667m²、P₂O₅：4kg／667m²、K₂O：6kg／667m²（2002年设B2、B3和B4=N：8kg／667m²、P₂O₅：2.67kg／667m²、K₂O：4kg／667m²三水平）。从农艺性状、生理生态、果穗性状、经济性状、产量、品质等方面研究密度、肥料及其互作对高油115玉米的影晌，试验结果表明： 1 农艺性状方面： 叶面积指数随着密度和施肥量的增加而增加，密度间A1与A2、A3差异达到0.01显著水平，A2与A3除了苗期外都达到0.05显著水平；施肥量间除了4月28日外B1与B3差异达到0.05显著水平。干物质积累量随着施肥量的增加而增加，随着密度的增加而减少；B1与B3差异达到0.05显著水平，A3与A1差异显著达到0.01显著水平。密度对株高、穗高、穗高系数的影响效果不显著，但茎粗、茎粗系数随着密度的增加而降低差异显著，A3与A2、A2与A1都达到0.01显著水平。施肥对穗高和穗高系数的影响差异不显著，而株高、茎粗、茎粗系数都是随着施肥水平的提高而增加，其中B1与B3达到0.01显著水平。密度与广西大学硕士论文高油115玉米的栽培技术研究肥料互作对茎粗的影响差异显著，二因素互作对茎粗影响最大的是A3BI，而其余的性状均未达到显著水平。2生理生态方面: 叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶活性、植株地上部分的氮、钾含量、植株氮、磷、钾的吸收量、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度的影响效果均随着密度的增加而下降，随着施肥量的增加而增加，密度和施肥量所引起的这些指标的差异均达到显著水平。但密度和施肥量所引起的植株地上部分的磷含量差异均不显著。透光率在前期随着密度的增加而下降差异显著，后期则随着密度的增加而增加差异显著。施肥对透过率的影响在前期不明显，但在后期却随施肥水平的提高而显著降低。密度与肥料互作所引起的叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶活性、植株地上部分的钾含量、植株氮、磷的吸收量、透光率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度的差异显著，所引起的其余指标的差异均不显著。3果穗性状、经济性状和产量方面: 、密度对有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、空杆率、双穗率的影响表现相差不同，有效穗数、空杆率随着密度的增加而增加差异显著;穗粒数为:AZ>A1>A3差异显著;千粒重、双穗率随着密度的增加而减小差异显著。密度对产量的影响效果差异显著，2002和2003年相似都是A1、A2与A3差异均达到0.05显著水平，而A2与A1差异不显著。施肥量对有效穗数、穗粒数的影响效果相似即有效穗数、穗粒数均随着施肥量的增加而增加差异显著;而对其余性状均不显著。施肥量对产量的影响效果2002和2003年相似即随着施肥量的增加而增加差异显著。密度与肥料广西大学硕士论文高油115玉米的栽培技术研究互作对有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重的影响表现相似差异均不显著。4品质方面: 施肥量对含油率的影响效果差异显著，B1、B2与B3差异达到0.05显著水平;B1与B3差异还达到0.01显著水平;而密度、施肥量与密度的互作对含油率的影响均不显著。密度与肥料互作对蛋白质含量的影响效果差异显著，在密度为A2条件下，B1与B2、B3差异达到0.01显著水平显著;在肥料为B1条件下，A2与A1、A3达到0.01显著水平;而密度、施肥量对蛋白质的影响均不显著。密度对淀粉含量的影响差异显著A1、A2与A3都达到0.05显著水平，A1与A3达到0.01显著，施肥量、肥料与密度互作对淀粉含量的影响差异均不显著。 氨基酸总量在A1密度下随着施肥量的增加而减小，而在A2和A3密度下与施肥量成正比。密度与肥料对酪氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、精氨酸、蛋氨酸含量影响差异明显，对其余的氨基酸含量的影响差异不明显。 、本试验条件下得出:高油115玉米的适合密度为3500株/667m，，施肥量为N:24kg/667m，、p205:sk只/667m，、KZo:1 6kg/667m，。更多还原

【Abstract】 The factor of density and fertilizer was designed on three levels in the experiement in 2002 and 2003. The levels of density (A) and fertilizer (B) were as follows, Al, 4000 plants/667m2; A2, 3500 plants/667m2; A3, 3000 plants/667m2, B1, N: 24kg/667m2 P2O5: 8kg/667m2 K2O: 12kg/667m2; B2, N: 18kg/667m2 P2O5: 6kg/667m2 K2O: 9kg/667m2; B3,N: 12kg/667m2 P2O5: 4kg/667m2 K2O: 6kg/667m2(The levels of fertilizer were B2, B3 and B4, N: 8kg/667m2 P2O5: 2.67kg/667m2 K2O: 4kg/667m2 in the experiement in 2002). Effects of density, fertilizer and their interaction on agronomic characteristics, physioecology, fruit characteristics, economical characteristics, yield and quality were studied. The results were as follows: 1 For agronomic characteristicsThe leaf index area increased as the density and fertilizer increased. The differences of leaf index between Al and A2 or A3 were significantat 0.01 level, While A2 and A3 at 0.05 level except in the seedling period. The difference between Bl and B2 was significant at 0.05 levels except in Aril 28. The plant biomass also increased as fertilizer increased, While it decreased as density enhanced. The difference of plant biomass between Bl and B3 was significant at 0.05 level while A3 and Al at 0.01 level. Denisity had a little effect on the plant height, the earheight and the coefficient of earheight. But the stem diameter and coefficient of ear height decreased significantly as density increasing. The differences between A3 and A2, A2 and Al, were significant at 0.01 levels. Effects of fertilizer on the ear height and coefficient of ear height were not significant. But the plant height, the stem diameter and coefficant of ear height increased as the levels of fertilizer grew. The difference between Bl and B3 was significant at 0.01 levels. The interaction of density and fertilizer had a significant effect on the stem diameter. 2 For physiological and ecologyIt had a decreased trend of the N and K content of up-ground plant, the chlorophyll content, the NRA activity, the uptake N, P, K, Photosynthesis rate, Transpiration rateand Stomata conductance as the density increased, while it had a increased trend as fertilizer enhance. Except the P content of plant, each parameter was significant difference among the levels of density and fertilizer. The degree of transparency in corn colony declined as the density increased during the early stages,while it enhanced during the later stages. It changed little during the early stages, while it decreased significantly during the later stages as fertilizer increased. The interaction of density and fertilizer hadsignificant effects on the chlorophyll content, the NRA activity, the K content of of up-ground plant, the uptake N, P, the degree of transparent, Transpiration rateand Stomata conductance, and had no significant effects on other parameter.3 For the fruit characteristics, economical characteristics and yieldAs the density increased, the ears/667m2and ratio of No-ear plant increased significantly, while ratio of Two-ear plant and weight of 1000 kernel decreased significantly. Grain per ear of A2 was greater (P<0.05) than A1 and A2. Yield of A2 was greater than A1 (p>.05) and A3. (P<0.05). As the fertilizer incrased, the ear per 666.67m2 and grain per ear enhanced significantly. Fertilizer had on significant effects on other economical characraristics. The interaction of density and fertilizer had no significant effect on ears/667m2, grain per ear, weight of 1000-kernel. The yeild increased significantly as the fertilizer increased. These two experimental results were similar in 2002 and 2003.4 For qualityThe fertilizer has significant effect (p<0.05) on the percentage of oil, and the difference of percentage of oil between B1 and B3 was at 0.01 level. Density and interaction of density and fertilizer had no significanteffect on the percentage of oil. The interaction of density and fertilizer had significant effect on protein content. Protein of B1 was greater (p<0.01) than B2 or B3 The更多还原