故障树计算机辅助分析优化算法研究与应用

【作者】 龚海里；

【导师】 李剑中；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 机械制造及自动化， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 系统故障树分析，简称FTA(Fault Tree Analysis)，是系统可靠性工程学的重要分支，是目前国内外公认的评价复杂系统可靠性与安全性的一种实用方法。随着计算机技术的不断提高，FTA也得到了不断发展。借助计算机来研究快速大规模的FTA算法及软件成为可靠性分析人员的一个新的研究热点。但FTA中的组合爆炸困难(计算量随故障树规模指数增长)、可视化软件开发、应用领域拓宽等问题都还有待更进一步的研究。研究高效的FTA优化算法，对拓宽工程应用领域及开发大型的可靠性维修性安全性软件都有十分重要意义，本文就这些问题开展了分析研究工作。 本文详细阐述了故障树计算机辅助分析基本原理，研究了故障树主要参数(最小割集、最小路集、不交化最小割集、不交化最小路集)间的相互转化规律，实现了采用割集、路集相互比较的故障树定性分析优化算法及采用直接不交化来实现故障树定量分析的新算法。这些新算法的合理应用能有效地降低FTA的NP困难，为FTA的简化提供新的途径。 用C++语言在VC开发环境下研制了故障树定性定量分析计算程序组件，并开发了一套基于此组件的FTA分析软件。该软件应用了本文提出的优化算法理论，具有最小割集和最小路集计算、可用性计算、重要度计算、基于故障树的故障诊断等主要功能。其实现采用了高阶数组降维技术及动态数值方法，当某个动态数组完成计算功能后，立即释放所占内存空间，运算速度快，能够满足微机上进行大型故障树的分析要求。 通过对一些故障树实例进行故障分析及与其他软件的比较计算，证明了本文所实现的优化算法和应用软件是科学有效的。最后通过对优化算法及软件在安全评定、故障诊断等领域中具体应用实例的进一步研究，表明优化算法及软件在工程中具有很好的实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fault tree analysis (FTA), an important branch in systems reliability engineering, is a common practical technique used in evaluating reliability and safety for large-complex systems at home and abroad presently. With gradual advancing techniques in computer, FTA is in a state of sound development. It has become a new hot research for reliability analyzer to study rapid and large-scale FTA algorithm and software by using computer. But problems of combinatorial explosion that computational complexity increases with the size of fault tree by exponential growth, visual software developed and application domains widened are awaiting to be further researched. Studies on efficient FTA algorithm play a more important role in widening domains of application of FTA and developing large-scale software for reliability, maintainability and safety. This paper gives an elaborate study on these problems.Computer-aided FTA theory has been expounded in this paper. What’s more, the reciprocal transformation rule for main parameters in FTA has been studied. Also, a new method using concepts of intercomparsion between numbers of cut set and path set for fault tree qualitative analysis algorithm and applying the boolean manipulation method and disjoint method for fault tree quantitative analysis is presented here. The proposed method applied properly can be developed to reduce the size of tree and simplify qualitative and quantitative analysis of FTA.By use of C++ language and VC6.0, a program module has been successfully developed for fault tree qualitative and quantitative analysis and also FTA software has been realized based on this module. The software applied the optimized algorithm proposed in this paper with main functions of easily calculating minimal cut sets, minimal path sets, reliability, probability of failure, importance factors and fault diagnosis based on fault tree. The implementation of software has been adopted techniques of high-level arrays reducing dimension and dynamic numerical method with characteristics of quick memory release when some dynamic arrays complete calculations, high computing speed and sound ability to meet the demand of microcomputer for large-scale fault tree analysis.From the comparison of analysizing an illustrative example between FTA software developed in this paper and other reliability software, the optimized algorithm and application software presented here proved scientific and efficient. Else, by further studying on some examples in the domain of safety evaluation and fault diagnosis, Results show it is a practical method for the application to engineering systems.更多还原