【作者】 孙建涛；

【导师】 赵文珍；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳工业大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 目前，在复杂螺旋面数控加工中，基于最小有向距离理论并结合五点寻优方法而得到的最小有向距离算法，是一种基于空间包络加工原理的编程方法，它解决了迭代算法中存在的收敛性问题，避免了全局区域内大量的点集计算，具有计算速度快、原理简单等特点，已成为一种非常有效的在复杂螺旋面数控加工中计算刀位轨迹的方法。然而，该算法没有对生成的刀位轨迹进行干涉检查。为了保证加工质量，提高加工精度，必须有检查是否存在刀具过切干涉的算法。本文利用遗传算法针对复杂螺旋面数控加工中的刀具干涉问题进行了研究。 论文首先分析了截面包络法加工螺旋面的基本原理，利用最小有向距离理论，将刀具干涉检查问题转化为求取刀具和工件之间沿终结运动方向对应点距离的全局最小值问题，建立刀具干涉检查模型。然后，分析了遗传算法的基本原理和应用技巧。针对复杂螺旋面各处吃刀深度不同的特点，研究了刀具干涉点分布的规律，利用遗传算法的思想，分区域界定、宏观定位和局部搜索三个层次求解刀具和工件之间沿终结运动方向对应点距离的全局最小值，从而提出了一种新的刀具干涉检查算法。最后，通过对螺杆钻具加工实验，验证该算法的可行性与有效性。 该算法有效地解决了用大直径盘形铣刀包络法加工异形螺杆时的刀具干涉检查问题，同时该算法的基本原理具有较强的通用性，也适用于自由曲面加工的刀具干涉检查。将此算法用于多轴联动数控机床的自动编程中，经过扩展可以研制具有自动生成无干涉刀位轨迹的CAM软件模块。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the arithmetic of minimal orientation-distance which is gained by combining minimal orientation-distance principle with optimizing method of five points is a way for programming with section envelope principle in NC machining helical surface. Because it can solve constringency in alternate arithmetic, it can also avoid mass calculating for point-group, its speed of calculating is faster, and its principle is not complex. Now, it has become a very effective method for calculating cutter-trace to machine helical surface. However, interference checking to cutter-trace is not done in this method. In fact, in order to guarantee quality and improve precision, we must check interference. In this paper, the question of interference checking is studied with GA in machining helical surface.In this dissertation, firstly, we analyze the principle of section envelope. And with the principle of minimal orientation-distance, the question of cutter-interface checking is converted into global minimum between work piece and cutter in the final motion. So we can set up a model of interference checking. Secondly, the principle and the skill about GA are studied. For different cutting deepness in different place in helical surface, we get the minimum between work piece and cutter in the final motion with GA by three steps: confirming as region, orientating on macro, and searching on local. Then, a new method of interference checking is put forward. Finally, machining helical drilling-tool is used to prove its feasibility and validity.By using this method, the question of interference checking is effectively solved when machining helical surface with big plate milling cutter and section envelope principle. At same time, its fundamental is universal, so it can be employed to check cutter-interference in machining free form. If it is used in programming automatically on NC tools, we can get a CAM software module that can create cutter-trace without interference automatically.更多还原