【作者】 张振夯；

【导师】 焦其伟；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 故障模式影响及致命度分析（Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis,简记为FMECA）是提高产品可靠性的最重要技术之一。FMECA可以应用在产品生命周期的各个阶段，包括设计阶段、制造阶段、使用阶段以及回收阶段。FMECA的主要任务如下：（1）发现产品生命周期的特定阶段的所有故障模式（故障现象）。（2）分析上述阶段故障模式的故障原因。（3）确定上述阶段故障模式的局部影响、上一层影响和最终影响。（4）分析上述阶段故障模式的致命度等级。（5）确定上述阶段中关键产品清单、关键故障模式清单。（6）针对关键产品清单和关键故障模式清单给出补偿措施。从FMECA的过程不难看出，FMECA是一个非常复杂的过程，特别是大型机电设备，其复杂性成几何级数增长。另外传统的FMECA还有如下特点：（1）需要来自不同领域的专家协同工作，一起完成FMECA。（2）不同领域专家难以交流、难以协同。（3）FMECA是一个耗时、乏味、容易出错的工作。（4）采用自然语言进行描述，分析结果的可重用水平低。（5）没有确定的结构体系，不同企业采取不同的FMECA组织形式。本文根据FMECA的需要，为解决人工进行FMECA分析的效率低下，不同的技术人员难以进行协同，分析结果数据一致性差，以及分析结果难以管理的缺陷，开发了基于网络的故障模式影响及致命度分析系统（web-based FMECA）。本文在系统总结手工进行FMECA分析流程的基础上，提出了基于网络的FMECA的数据模型和过程模型以及层次间产品故障信息的搜索策略；结合现代先进的网络技术和数据库技术，利用Java语言给出了系统的实现；最后针对一个小型液压系统给出了利用该系统进行FMECA分析的实例。实例分析表明该系统能有效地支持FMECA流程和数据管理，避免了由于手工进行FMECA所固有的反复性的缺陷，能够使不同技术人员进行远程分析，并且实现了对分析结果的有效管理，提高了进行FMECA的效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) is one of the most important techniques which can improve the reliability of products. FMECA can be applied into all life-cycle phases, including the design phase, manufacture phase, use phase and garbage callback phase. The main tasks of FMECA is as follows:(1) Find the failure mode of the specific phase. (2) Analysis the reason of the aforementioned failure mode.(3) Identify the local effects, upper effects and the last effects.(4) Analysis the criticality of the aforementioned failure mode.(5) List the key product and the key failure mode.(6) Take measures aimed at the key product and the key failure mode.It’s not difficult to see from the FMECA process that FMECA is rather a complex task. Besides, the traditional FMECA also has some other characteristics as follows:(1) It needs the domain experts to collaborate to perform the FMECA.(2) It’s difficult for the domain experts to communicate.(3) It’s a tedious, time-consuming and error-probe task.(4) It adopt natural language as a descript tool, so the result data is difficult to reuse.(5) It has not a fixed architecture, so there are as many forms as companies which adopts it as a risk analysis tool.To meet the need of Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) which is a department of Reliability Engineering, a web-based FMECA system is developed. The system can solve several problems that maybe emerge in the manual FMECA, e.g. it’s difficult to cooperation with different engineers, the consistent is difficult to meet, it’s difficult to manage the result, especially the version control of different analysis and the efficiency is low. A summarization is done about the manual FMECA, then a data model and a process model are presented which are fit for the web-based system. A mechanism is presented to trace and search the FMECA data in the FMECA lay model. At last the system is implemented by the advanced IT such as Internet, database and Java.A example FMECA process about a small hydraulic pressure system is given to prove the system can meet the need of FMECA. It can support the FMECA process management and result data management, can avoid the inherent repeat default that often emerge in the manual FMECA. The system can be accessed by <WP=5>engineers from remote places and can run on different operation system platform. The FMECA process work efficiency has been greatly promoted by the web-based system.更多还原