【作者】 姚天富；

【导师】 吴运新；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 静刚度、动刚度、静强度、疲劳强度、整体稳定性和局部稳定性是起重机金属结构的关键控制指标，它们必须全部满足才能保证起重机安全可靠运行。但由于结构、制造工艺、设计手段等因素的限制，这些指标不可能同时达到控制极限，最常见的情况是强度或刚度达到控制指标，而其余各项均有余度，且余度往往还较大。 根据作者多年从事门式起重机设计的经验，当门式起重机的跨度或有效悬臂较大时，刚度就很可能成为控制关键，即在刚度条件满足、强度和稳定性自然满足的情况下，如何较准确地计算刚度值便成为充分利用门架的承载能力、降低自重的关键。 本文在阐述刚架的有限元的基本原理及其分析求解的一般过程的基础上，应用大型有限元程序ANSYS的强大分析功能，论证了作者所提出的平面门架模型和空间门架模型的正确性；按平面门架推导了A型门式起重机跨中和悬臂端的静刚度计算公式；用有限元按空间门架求解验证了所推导公式的正确性；根据起重机金属结构的理论并结合ANSYS的输出，分析了门架的静强度和疲劳强度，借以说明提高门式起重机的工作级别和起重量的可行性；同时也就从另一方面说明了在同等承载能力条件下降低起重机自重和轮压的可能性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Static rigidity, dynamic rigidity, static strength, fatigue strength, integral stability and partial stability are the key controlling index of crane’s metal construction. The crane can work safely and reliably if all of them are satisfied. And because of the condition of structure shape, manufacture technology and design measures, etc., it is impossible that all these key control indexes reach permissible values at the same time. In general circumstances the strength control index or the rigidity control index approaches the permissible value and the other control indexes have margins, and these margins often not small.According to author’s many years experience in the gantry crane designing, rigidity control index may become the key so far as the span of gantry crane or the outreach from rail is longer. In other words, how to calculate accurately the rigidity value is the key to make the most of the gantry-load-carrying capacity and to deduce the own weight on condition that the rigidity index is satisfied and then the strength indexes and integral stability indexes are satisfied naturally.On the basis of the expatiation on the basic principle of finite element for the space rigid frame and its general solution process, the author have demonstrated the plane gantry model and space gantry model that he put forward are correct by using the powerful analysis capabilities of thefinite element program ( ANSYS ). The formulas of A-gantry crane have been derived about the static rigidity of center of span and outreach from rail according to the plane gantry. And by using the finite method these formulas have been proved to be correct according to the space gantry. By the theory on crane metal construction and ANSYS output data, the static strength and the fatigue strength of gantry have been analyzed so as to give the reason for the possibility of increasing capacity and duty. At the same time, from another point of view, it is probable that the own weight and wheel load of gantry crane can be reduced under the same load-carrying capacity.更多还原