【作者】 刘冉昕；

【导师】 胡正良；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 国际法学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着水上运输和水上作业的发展，海上人身伤亡案件不断发生。海上人身伤亡的侵害的客体是自然人的生命健康权，具有一定的特殊性：这些人身权是民事主体的固有权利，与主体不可分割。现代立法逐渐重视对人身权的保护和侵害人身权的救济方法。海上人身伤亡损害赔偿就是侵害人身权的救济方法之一。 作为民法之侵权行为法和海商法的重要组成部分的海上人身伤亡损害赔偿，其基础理论在民法学界尚未引起足够的重视。目前，我国法律对海上人身伤亡损害赔偿的规定并不完善，存在着一些问题。本文将针对现有的海上人身伤亡损害赔偿责任制度中存在的问题做出阐述，并对海上人身伤亡损害赔偿的法律适用、归责原则、责任限额的完善提出自己的观点。 论文的第一章主要是对海上人身伤亡损害的基本法律理论问题的研究，首先对海上人身伤亡损害进行了定义，即在海上或与海相通的可航水域，在海上运输或者其他海上作业、港口作业等过程中由于自然灾害或者人为因素造成船员、旅客和其他人员的生命健康权的损害而导致伤亡的后果。然后研究了我国关于海上人身伤亡损害赔偿的法律现状及相关法律法规存在的问题。 第二章对我国海上人身伤亡损害赔偿应当适用的归责原则进行了分析，因为解决海上人身伤亡赔偿问题，必须准确把握各类海上人身伤亡损害的归责原则，它决定着承担责任的主体、举证责任的分配和免责事由等重要内容。 第三章的主要内容是根据确定海上人身伤亡损害赔偿责任范围的一般原则讨论海上人身伤亡损害赔偿数额的具体计算方法。同时对赔偿金的支付方法和海上人身伤亡损害赔偿的责任限制也进行了研究。 第四章是关于海上人身伤亡的精神损害赔偿的论述。确立人身伤害精神损害赔偿制度是保护公民人格利益的必要手段。在尊重人们的精神价值的现代社会，精神损害赔偿的提出体现了法律对人格利益的保护和救济，体现了对受害方利益的保护。 第五章是文章的结论，主要是对完善我国海上人身伤亡损害赔偿法律的若干建议。 笔者注重用一般的民法理论和比较分析的方法来解决错综复杂的法律问题，提出了一些见解，并在此基础上提出了完善相关法律的建议。本文的侧重点在对海上人身伤亡损害赔偿与各种保险赔偿的关系，以及最高人民法院司法解释中规定的海上人身伤亡最高赔偿限额不应适用的论述。 完善我国关于海上人身伤亡损害赔偿责任制度是法律发展的必然，也是海事司法实践的需要。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the development of transportation and operation at sea, cases of loss of life or personal injury at sea occured continuously. The objects that loss of life or personal injury encroaches on are the health right and life right of natural person. These personal rights have certain particularities, i.e. these rights are the inherent rights of civil subject and can’t be separated with the subject. Modem legislation lays more emphasis on the protection of personal rights and the remedy to the infringement of personal rights. Compensation to loss of life or personal injury is one of the remedies to the infringement of personal rights.But at present, the laws of compensation to loss of life or personal injury at sea are not perfect and have some problems. This essay will point to the problem existing in the system of compensational liability for loss of life or personal injury at sea and present my own point of view on the perfection of application of Chinese law to compensational liability of loss of life or personal injury at sea, doctrine of liability fixation, scope of liability and limitation of liability.Chapter 1 considers the basic legal questions of loss of life or personal injury at sea, including the concepts and definition of loss of life or personal injury at sea, the status quo of relative legislation and the problem existing in it. Chapter 2 emphaticly probes the doctrine of liability fixation of compensation for loss of life or personal injury at sea. Chapter 3 focuses on the principles determining the contents of damages, calculation of scope of damages for loss of life or personal injury at sea. Chapter 4 discuses spiritual damages for loss of life or personal injury at sea. Chapter 5 puts forward some suggestions to perfect the legislation of compensation for loss of life or personal injury at sea.The author use the theory of civil law and the method of comparative analysis to solve the foresaid complicated legal questions. The author put forward some opinions and put forward suggestions to perfect relative law.The emphasis of this dissertation lays on the discussion of the relationship between compensation to loss of life or personal injury at sea and various insurance compensation; the provisions of maximum amount of compensation for loss of life or personal injury contained in the judicial interpretation by the Supreme People’s Court should not be applicable any more.To perfect the liability regime for compensation for loss of life or personal injury at sea in China is necessary both to the development of law and to marine judicial practice.更多还原