【作者】 刘涛；

【导师】 孙培廷；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 轮机工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以IMO《MARPOL公约》附则Ⅵ“防止船舶造成大气污染规则”的出台为背景，分析了今后对船用柴油机的排放限制必将越来越严格的趋势，得出船用柴油机排放实船测试势在必行的结论。因此，有必要对柴油机气体排放量的计算方法以及所需参数的测量方法与测量设备选型等问题进行深入地研究，从而进一步提出了柴油机油耗的实船测量问题。 首先，在参考文献1和2的基础上，利用总结出的“简化的氮氧化物排放量计算方法”和误差理论分析了油耗的测量误差对氮氧化物排放量计算结果所造成的影响，并通过W6L20C型机和渔轮厂的实测数据计算验证，进一步说明了油耗的测试在实船测试中的重要地位。 其次，以IMO规定的“实船测试相关参数的仪器的允许偏差”为基准，对目前通常采用的各种柴油机油耗的实船测量方法：日用油柜量油法、燃油流量计法进行了系统的分析比较。重点研究讨论了燃油流量计法的选用策略，并根据船舶燃油特性、测量性能、安装条件等对实船测试中燃油流量计进行初步选定。 然后，讨论了不同情况的船舶，应分别选用容积式或超声波流量计进行油耗的测量。针对目前最为精确和稳定的容积式流量计法，重点分析了漏流、压力损失、粘度密度等对流量—误差特性的影响以及所应进行的温度补偿问题。 最后介绍了各类超声波流量计及其原理，并在此基础上确定适合实船上测试油耗的流量计。然后对测量的影响因素进行研究分析，详细介绍其应用注意事项以及实际安装与操作等内容。并通过对美国康创1010型多功能超声波流量计的技术性能、适用范围的介绍，进一步论证了超声波流量计测量方法的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the trend of worldwide emission control and the probability of emission measurement on-board ship is discussed in the context of annex VI to MARPOL 73/78. Then the inevitability of emission measurement on-board is brought forward. So it is very necessary to study the method measuring diesel fuel consumption on-board ship, which is one problem of engine test on-board.At first, the reductionism of NOx calculation and the theory of error are used to analyzing the finally influence made from the fuel consumption measurement error. The significance of fuel consumption measurement on-board ship is illustrated by the data from W6L20C marine engine.Secondly, the generally fuel consumption methods such as daily oil tank and fuel flowmeters are analyzed and compared. The select tactics of fuel flowmeters are discussed mostly. At the same time, the flowmeter is selected according to the fuel character, measurement performance and fixing condition, etc.In addition, aim at the volumetric flowmeter which is the best exactitude presently, the main factors such as oil leak, pressure loss, viscidity and density are analyzed. Because the high temperature of fuel in ship, so the temperature compensation must be considered.In the end, some sorts of ultrasonic flowmeters and their principles are introduced. And the suitable folwmeters are selected according to these. Then the notes of application and the installation rules are detailed introduced. For demonstrating the feasibility of ultrasonic flowmeter, the type 1010 much-functions ultrasonic flowmeter is introduced about its technique performance and application range.更多还原