【作者】 邓淑芳；

【导师】 白敏冬；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 环境科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 绿色化学是当今国际化学科学研究的前沿。绿色化学的目标是：化学过程不产生污染，即从源头上消除污染。 在化学过程中要减少有毒有害物质的使用，可以采用多种方法。近年来的研究发现，采用一些特别的非传统化学方法，可获得多种环境效果。等离子体由清洁的高能粒子组成，不会造成环境污染，对生态系统无不良影响，加上等离子体反应速度快，反应完全，使原料的转化率大大提高，有可能实现原子经济反应，因此，副反应很少，可实现零排放，可以做到清洁生产。但传统的等离子体技术受到低气压、电子平均能量低的限制，无法实现工程化。 强电离放电过程，电子获得平均能量达到10eV～20eV，在高气压条件下使反应腔体(放电腔体)气体分子处于高能态，并分解、电离成光子、电子、离子、活性原子、激发态原子、自由基以及具有活性分子碎片等，为其化学反应提供了活性粒子。改变了现在只能在低气压条件下进行非平衡等离子体化学反应的固有概念，使常规难以进行的化学反应得以进行或者加速进行，同时也实现了用电场参数、边界条件等物理参数去控制其化学反应方向、化学反应速率和产物，省去常规化学反应需要酸、碱、加热或降温、加压或减压、光以及催化剂等多种多样控制化学反应的条件。为化学合成新物质、新材料提供了低能耗、微污染、无催化剂、无副产品和无废料的方法，解决了非平衡等离子体化学工程化难题。 此外，本文还对强电离放电绿色化学的应用进行了研究，绿色氧化、绿色氧化技术治理船舶压载水、绿色氧化脱硫、甲烷和氮气合成氨及液体燃料均是其成功应用范例。更多还原

【Abstract】 Today green chemistry is the front line of international chemistry research. Its goal is no pollution during the chemistry course and eliminating pollution from beginning.There are many methods to reduce the use of poisonous and deleterious substance during chemistry course. According to the research in these years some unconventional chemical methods can reach many environmental effects. Plasma is made of clean high-octane particle, which will not pollute environment and have no bad effect to ecosystem. Plasma has high reaction speed and can react entirely, so it can realize zero pollution. But traditional plasma technology was confined by low pressure and low energy, which cannot realize industrialization.At the condition of anticyclone strong ionization discharge can make electron energy reach 10eV~20eV, ionize and separate the gas in the reaction cavity to photons, electrons, ions, active atoms, inspired atoms, radicals and active fragment etc. It changed the intrinsic idea that non-equilibrium plasma chemistry can only react at low-pressure, progress the reaction without acid, alkali, calefaction, cooling, high pressure, low pressure light and catalyst which can not react at normal. Strong ionization discharge provided low-energy, non-pollution, non-catalyst, non-byproduct and no-dispose method to industrialization of non-equilibrium plasma chemistry.The paper has studied the application of strong ionization discharge green chemistry furthermore. Green oxidations, the treatment of ballast water by the green oxidation technology, desulfurization by green oxidation, CH4 and N2 synthesizes NH3 and liquid fuel were all its successful application.更多还原