【作者】 李慧韫；

【导师】 张天胜；

【作者基本信息】 天津科技大学 ， 化学工艺， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 废油脂是家庭及餐饮业烹炸食物后的废弃物，作为环境污染的来源之一，越来越引起各国的关注。本论文主要探讨通过脱色或甲酯化工艺，改变废油脂的某些物理化学性状，从而使之能够再利用。 脱色工艺采用活性白土做吸附剂，利用它对色素等的强吸附性能达到脱色目的。本部分主要考察了在常压及真空状态下不同条件对脱色效果的影响，找到了最佳工艺条件，得到脱色率较高的产品。脱色后的废油脂可以与燃油混合用于燃烧。 废油脂与甲醇通过酯交换反应生产脂肪酸甲酯是论文的重点。脂肪酸甲酯不仅是一种用途广泛的有机化工中间体，而且还可以用作传统柴油的代用品——生物柴油。本部分探索了预处理、甲酯化的工艺条件，得到生产脂肪酸甲酯的最佳工艺参数，并对产品脂肪酸甲酯作为燃料使用时的众多特性进行了测试，从而使生物柴油的发动性能、环境友好性等优点得以证实。除此以外，还采用气相色谱、气相色谱—质谱联用方法对产品进行定量、定性分析，在衡量产率、比较实验条件优劣的同时，对产品也给出了准确的组成、结构信息。在此基础上，我们还探索了高真空精馏分离混合脂肪酸甲酯的工艺条件，得到各种脂肪酸甲酯纯组分，用于制备各种高纯度的化工、食品、医药等产品，具有更高的应用价值。这些分析分离技术目前在国内还未见报道。 通过以上工作，为废油脂的再利用开辟了更广泛的领域。这一方法不仅有利于解决环境问题，而且降低了生物柴油、脂肪酸甲酯的生成成本，有极大的应用潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Waste oil and fat, which comes from families and cookeries, is one of the resources of environment pollution. This paper focuses on using decoloration and methyl-esterification technology to change some of its qualities and making it renewable.Activated bleaching-earth was used as an adsorbent in decoloration process. By studying the results of different factors, we found the best technology condition. The discolored waste oil and fat can be mixed with fuel directly to be ignited.The paper emphasizes on the preparation of fatty acid methyl-ester (FAME) by waste oil and fat and methanol. FAME is not only a widely used organic intermediate,but also used as biodiesel. In this part, we analyzed the condition of pre-esterification and esterification, and found out the best method. Besides that, we examined the characteristics of FAME as a fuel to confirm its advantages, such as starting under low temperature and environmental. At the same time, GC and GC-MS were used to give information about its quantity and quality. Based on this, we explored to separate the mixture to single component by distill under high vacuum condition. The single FAME will be more useful and economic. Related studies have not been reported.The usages of waste oil and fat were widened by above method. It will not only help to solute the pollution problems, but also low the cost of biodiesel and FAME. We believe it has more potential.更多还原