【作者】 武国强；

【导师】 黄大庄；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 为了搞清森林旅游对植物和节肢动物多样性的影响，本研究运用生态学原理，把旅游作为一种干扰活动，研究了河北省兴隆县境内的雾灵山国家级自然保护区主要景区内在旅游干扰下游径沿线植物、节肢动物多样性水平变化规律，运用聚类分析、方差分析探索了旅游对自然保护区旅游景区内游径沿线植物、节肢动物的影响程度、影响范围以及影响特点；运用典型相关分析研究了旅游对植物和对节肢动物影响的生态交互效应，并用逐步回归分析揭示了游客践踏对游径沿线植物、节肢动物的影响机制；同时研究了旅游对保护区农田果树林枝干上节肢动物、落叶松林土壤动物和亚高山草甸蝶类多样性的影响规律。研究结果如下： 旅游对林间植物和对节肢动物的影响机制不同，影响方式各异，造成二者的多样性水平变化规律各具自己的特点。 在旅游对植物和节肢动物影响的诸多方式中，游客对植被的践踏是对植物、节肢动物影响的主要方式之一，游客对植被的践踏与植物的物种多样性、均匀度和节肢动物物种丰富度和均匀度显著相关。线性回归方程为： g=0.399+0.568H′_Z-0.754E_Z-0.915E_J+0.287de_J。 旅游对林间植物和节肢动物的影响范围不同。在旅游的干扰作用下，沿林间游径垂直方向，在距游径2m范围内植物所受影响严重，而在距游径3m处植物物种多样性有明显增加的现象，3m以上范围植物受旅游的影响逐渐减小；旅游对节肢动物的影响范围通常在3m之内，距游径1m范围内节肢动物物种多样性可维持在最高水平，距游径3m以上，对节肢动物的影响逐渐减小。 旅游对宾馆周围林间植物、节肢动物的影响特点不同。旅游对林间植物的影响距离游径1m～4m之间严重，对1m以内和4m以上范围的植物影响较轻；对节肢动物的影响在距游径4m的范围内严重，对游径4m以上范围林中的节肢动物影响较轻。节肢动物受旅游干扰的影响程度滞后于旅游对植物的影响程度。 旅游开发对林木枝干上节肢动物的影响范围和影响强度都大于正常农林生产对其的影响；旅游对林木枝干上节肢动物的物种多样性、优势度和均匀度影响不明显，在严重的干扰下，旅游只对林木枝干上节肢动物物种多样性有显著的影响。 游客对植被的践踏对土壤动物物种丰富度、多样性和优势度的影响显著；对土壤动物的影响范围沿垂直游径方向通常在3m左右，沿垂直地表方向在10cm之内，沿垂直游径和地表方向，旅游对土壤动物的影响逐渐减弱。 旅游对高山草甸的小型蝶类有影响，其种类、数量在旅游的影响下减少；对中、大型蝶类的影响不明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to ascertain the effects of forest recreation on the diversity of plants and arthropods, according to the principle of ecology and regarding forest recreation as a kind of disturbance, we research the law of the level variations of the diversity of plants and arthropods along the tour pathways under the disturbance of forest recreation in the main land of Wuling Mountain National Nature Reserve in Xinglong county in HeBei province. Based on the analysis of cluster and variance procedure, we research the influence degree, influence extent and influence characteristics of forest recreation on plants and arthropods along the tour pathways in the tourism area of the nature reserve. Using the analysis of canonical correlations, we discuss the ecological interaction of the influence of forest recreation on plants and arthropods and by using analysis of stepwise regression, we explore the influence mechanism of tourists’ trampling on plants and arthropods along the tour pathways. Meanwhile, we study the law of the influence of tourism on the diversity of arthropods in the fields and the orchards, as well as the diversity of soil animals of the larch forest and the butterfly species of alpine and plain. The result shows as following:The mechanism and means of influence of forest recreation on plants and arthropods are different, which leads to the level various law of their diversity having their own traits.One of the most important influences in the numerous means of influence of forest recreation on plants and arthropods is the tourists’ trampling. The relationship between tourists’ trampling and plant species diversity and evenness and arthropods species richness and evenness is significant. The regressive function is as follow: g = 0.399 + 0.568H’z -0.754Ez -0.915EJ + 0.287deJThe range of influence of forest recreation on plants and arthropods are different. Under the tourism disturbance, in the direction of the vertical of the tour pathways, the influence of forest recreation on the plants is severe in the range of 2 meters to the route, while the diversity of the plants species increases obviously in the range of 3 meters to the pathways, and the influence of forest recreation on theplants is decreasing in the range of over 3 meters. The range of influence of travelling on the arthropods is mostly 3 meters; the species diversity of the arthropods can keep the highest level in the range of 1 meter to the pathways and the influence on the arthropods decreases in the range of over 3 meters.The influence characteristics of forest recreation on the plants and arthropods near the hotel are different. The influence on the plants in the forest is severe in the range of more than 1m and less than 4m to the pathways, while it is slight in the range of less than lm and more than 4m to the route. The influence on the arthropods is severe in the range of 4 meters, and it is slight in the range of more than 4m to the route. The influence on the arthropods lags behind that on the plants.The influence extent and influence degree of the tourism development on the arthropods of stems in the forest is more than that of the normal production of agriculture and forest. The influence of forest recreation on the diversity, mastery, evenness of the arthropods of stems in the forest is not obvious. The influence is obvious only on the arthropods in the stems in the forests under the severe disturbance.The tourists’ trampling on the plants affect the richness, diversity and mastery of soil animal species evidently. The influence range on the soil animal is always in 3 meters or so in the direction of the vertical of the pathways, and in 10cm in the direction of vertical of the ground. The influence on the soil animal is gradually decreasing along the direction of the vertical of the route and the vertical of the ground.Forest recreation affects the small butterfly of the alpine and plain, under which the species and quantity of the butterfly decrease, but the influence on the medium-sized and man-sized butterfly is no更多还原