【作者】 徐爱春；

【导师】 李保国； 齐国辉；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 森林培育学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 针对目前红富士苹果栽培中存在的产量不稳、质量差、效益低的问题，为揭示不同时期叶片主要矿质元素的变化规律，探索叶片矿质元素与果实产质量的关系，建立生产优质高档红富士苹果的叶片营养诊断指标体系，指导红富士苹果的科学施肥，于2002、2003年连续两年，在内丘县侯家庄乡富岗山庄进行了红富士苹果叶片主要矿质元素与果实产量和质量关系的研究。结果表明： 在河北省片麻岩山地土壤条件下，红富士苹果叶片矿质营养中的N、P、K、Ca、Mn、Zn与果实产量具有极显著或显著相关关系，其他矿质元素与果实产量无显著的相关关系。6月30日、7月15日、9月15日、10月22日叶片含N量与果实产量呈极显著正相关；5月15日和5月30日叶片含P量与果实产量呈极显著正相关；6月15日叶片含K量与果实产量呈极显著负相关；6月15日、6月30日、8月15日叶片含Ca量与果实产量呈极显著正相关；5月15日到7月15日，叶片含Mg量与果实产量呈极显著正相关，9月15日呈极显著负相关；5月初和6月30日叶片含Mn量与果实产量呈极显著负相关，5月15日呈极显著正相关。 红富士苹果叶片矿质营养中的N、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn与果实硬度具有极显著或显著相关关系，其他矿质元素与果实硬度相关关系不显著。5月30日叶片含N量与果实硬度呈显著负相关；9月15日叶片含Ca量与果实硬度呈极显著正相关，5月15日叶片含Mg量与果实硬度呈显著正相关，10月22日叶片含Mg量与果实硬度呈显著负相关；5月30日叶片含Mn量与果实硬度呈显著负相关，8月15日叶片含Mn量与果实硬度呈显著正相关；7月15日叶片含Zn量与果实硬度呈显著正相关。 红富士苹果叶片矿质营养中的N、P、K、Ca、Mn、Zn与果实总糖具有极显著或显著相关关系，其他矿质元素与果实总糖相关关系不显著。5月1日和6月30日叶片含N量与果实总糖呈显著负相关；5月30日叶片含P量与果实总糖呈显著负相关；6月15日叶片含K量与果实总糖呈显著正相关，6月30日叶片含Ca量与果实总糖呈显著负相关；5月15日和6月30日叶片含Mn量与果实总糖呈显著负相关；5月15日叶片含Zn量与果实总糖呈显著负相关，6月30日叶片含Zn量与果实总糖呈显著正相关。 红富士苹果叶片矿质营养中的Mn、Zn与果实葡萄糖具有极显著或显著相关关系，其他矿质元素与果实葡萄糖相关关系不显著。6月15曰叶片含Mn量与果实葡萄糖呈显著正相关；5月30日叶片含Zn量与果实葡萄糖极显著正相关。 红富士苹果叶片矿质营养中的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn与果实果糖具有极显著或显著相关关系。6月15日叶片含N量与果实果糖呈显著正相关，5月15日，5月30日和9月15日叶片含N量与果实果糖呈显著负相关；8月15日叶片含P量与果实果糖呈极显著负相关；6月15日和10月22日叶片含K量与果实果糖呈显著正相关；6月30日叶片含Ca量与果实果糖呈显著负相关，9月15日叶片含Ca量与果实果糖呈显著正相关；8月15日叶片含Mg量与果实果糖呈显著正相关；5月15日、5月30日、6月15日、7月15日叶片含Mn量与果实果糖呈极显著负相关;6月15日和9月巧日叶片含Zn量与果实果糖呈极显著正相关。 红富士苹果叶片矿质营养中的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn与果实蔗糖相关关系不显著。 红富士苹果叶片矿质营养中的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn与果实可溶性固形物具有极显著或显著相关关系。6月30日叶片含N量与果实可溶性固形物呈显著负相关;7月15日和8月15日叶片含P量与果实可溶性固形物呈显著负相关:6月巧日叶片含K量与果实可溶性固形物呈极显著正相关;6月30日叶片含Ca量与果实可溶性固形物呈显著负相关;8月巧日的叶片含Mg量与果实可溶性固形物呈显著正相关;6月30日叶片含Mn量与果实可溶性固形物呈极显著负相关;5月15日叶片含Zn量与果实可溶性固形物呈显著负相关，5月1日叶片含Zn量与果实可溶性固形物呈显著正相关。 红富士苹果叶片矿质营养中的P、K、Ca、Mg与果实可滴定酸具有极显著或显著相关关系，其他矿质元素与果实可滴定酸无显著相关关系。7月巧日叶片含P量与果实可滴定酸呈显著负相关;5月巧日叶片含K量与果实可滴定酸呈显著正相关:9月15日叶片含Ca量与果实可滴定酸呈极显著正相关;5月巧日和9月巧日叶片含Mg量与果实可滴定酸呈显著正相关;5月巧日叶片含K和Mg的量与果实可滴定酸呈显著正相关。 红富士苹果果实产量在25kg/株以上，硬度高于skg/cmZ，总糖高于13%，果实可滴定酸低于0.3%时，叶片N素营养诊断的适宜时期为6月30日，指标为0.80%一1.巧%;叶片P素营养诊断的适宜时期为5月30日，指标为0.08%一0.13%;叶片K素营养诊断的适宜时期为6月巧日，指标为1.8%一2.0%;叶片Ca素营养诊断的适宜时期为6月30日，指标为0.42%一1.14%;叶片Mg素营养诊断的适宜时期为8月15日，指标为0.33%一0.4%;叶片Mn素营养诊断的适宜时期为6月30日，指标为67mg/kg一82 mg/kg;叶片Zn素营养诊断的适宜时期为5月15日，指标为59mg/kg一88mg/kg。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aim to the main problems of red Fuji apple cultivation that are unsteady yield, low quality, low economic benefit. In order to reveal the variety regulation of main mineral elements in leaf and the relationship of leaf mineral elements and fruit yield and quality, to establish the nutrient diagnose system of producing high-quality red Fuji apple, to guide fertilization of red Fuji apple, the relationship of main mineral elements in leaf and fruit yield and quality of red Fuji apple was studied from 2002 to 2003 in Fugangshanzhuan of Houjiazhuang country,Neiqiu county. The results were as follows:Under the soil condition of gneiss mountain area of Hebei province, there exited significant or very significant correlation between mineral elements of N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Zn in red Fuji apple leaves and fruit yield, and there hadn’t significant correlation between other elements and fruit yield. There had very significant positive correlations among fruit yield and leaf N content on June 30, July 15, September 15, October 22; leaf P content on May 15 ,May 30;leaf Ca content on June 15, June 30, August 15; leaf Mg content from May 15 to July 15;leaf Mn content on May 15. There had very significant negative correlations among fruit yield and Leaf K content on June 15; leaf Mg content on September 15; leaf Mn content from the beginning of May to June 30.There exited significant or very significant correlation between mineral elements of N, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn in red Fuji apple leaves and fruit hardness, and there hadn’t significant correlation between other elements and fruit hardness. There had significant negative correlations among fruit hardness and leaf N content on May 30;leaf Mg content on October 22;leaf Mn content on May 30. There had very significant positive correlation between fruit hardness and leaf content on September 15. There had significant positive correlations among fruit hardness and leaf Mg content on May 15;leaf Mn content on August 15;leaf Zn content on July 15.There exited significant or very significant correlation between mineral elements of N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Zn in red Fuji apple leaves and contents of fruit total sugar and soluble solids, and there hadn’t significant correlation between other elements and fruit total sugar content. There had significant negative correlations among fruit total sugar content and leaf Ncontent on May 1 and June 30; leaf P content on May 30; leaf Ca content on June 30; leaf Mn content on May 15 and June 30; leaf Zn content on May 15. There had significant positive correlation among fruit total sugar content and leaf K content on May June 15;leaf zinc content on June 30. There exited significant or very significant correlation between mineral elements of Mn, Zn in red Fuji apple leaves and fruit glucose content, and there hadn’t significant correlation between other elements and fruit glucose content. There exited significant or very significant correlation between mineral elements of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn in red Fuji apple leaves and fruit fructose content, and there hadn’t significant correlation between other elements and fruit fructose content. There hadn’t significant correlation between mineral elements of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn and fruit sucrose content.There exited significant or very significant correlation between mineral elements of P, K, Ca, Mg in red Fuji apple leaves and fruit titratable acids content, and there hadn’t significant correlation between other elements and fruit titratable acids content. There had significant positive correlation between fruit hardness and leaf content on September 15. There had significant negative correlation between fruit titratable acids and leaf P content on July 15; there had very significant negative correlation between fruit titratable acids and leaf Ca content on September 15. There had significant positive correlation among fruit titratable acids and leaf K content on May 15;leaf Mg content on May 15 and September 15. And there had very significant positive correlation between fruit titratable acids and leaf Ca更多还原