【作者】 郭鹏飞；

【导师】 臧素敏；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 牛磺酸是一种游离氨基酸，由于具有维持机体渗透压平衡、维持正常视觉功能、调节细胞钙平衡、降血糖、调节神经传导、参与内分泌活动、调节脂类消化与吸收、增加心脏收缩能力、提高机体免疫力、增强细胞膜抗氧化能力、保护心肌细胞的广泛生物学效应而受到人们极大关注。在禽营养研究中，多见用于肉鸡饲料添加剂以提高其生产性能的报道，但结果并不一致，而且未见添加于肉鸭饲料中的报道。本试验以SM₂型樱桃谷肉鸭为试验动物，研究在其日粮中添加不同水平的牛磺酸对其生产性能、血液生化指标、免疫机能和胴体性状的影响，确定牛磺酸在肉鸭日粮中的适宜添加水平，并对其作用机理进行了初步探讨。 选用200只1日龄SM₂型樱桃谷肉鸭，随机分为5组，每组4个重复。第Ⅰ组为对照组，饲喂玉米—豆粕基础日粮，第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为试验组，分别在基础日粮中加入0.05％、0.1％、0.15％、0.2％的牛磺酸，试验期为5周，测定生产性能、血液生化指标、免疫机能和屠体品质等指标。结果表明：（1）日粮中添加MOS可改善肉鸭的生产性能。试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组肉鸭平均末重比对照组分别提高3.31％（P＞0.05）、8.14％（P＜0.01）、7.3％（P＜0.01）和3.51％（P＞0.05）；试验全期（1～36日龄）的平均日增重分别比对照组提高3.37％（P＞0.05）、8.32％（P＜0.01）、7.80％（P＜0.01）和3.60％（P＞0.05）；试验组平均日采食量与对照组相比差异不显著（P＞0.05）；饲料增重比分别比对照组降低3.22％（P＞0.05）、7.83％（P＜0.05）、6.45％（P＜0.05）和2.76％（P＞0.05）。均以第Ⅲ组效果最好。（2）日粮中添加牛磺酸可以改善肉鸭对营养物质的利用率。试验前期（1～22日龄），试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组粗脂肪、粗灰分的消化率均显著（P＜0.05）或极显著（P＜0.01）高于对照组。试验后期（22～36日龄），日粮干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的消化率比对照组均有所提高，试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组效果达显著（P＜0.05）或极显著（P＜0.01）水平。（3）日粮中添加牛磺酸对试验期末肉鸭血液生化指标有不同程度的影响。其中，血清总胆固醇含量有不同程度的降低，试验组分别比对照组降14.47％（P＞0.05）、21.91％（P＜0.05）、21.28％（P＜0.05）和15.53％（P＞0.05），而各试验组间差异不显著。日粮中添加牛磺酸虽然使试鸭血糖和血清中尿素氮含量略有降低，但未达显著水平（P＞0.05）。试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肉鸭血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05），而各试验组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。日粮中添加的牛磺酸，各添加组均可以显著提高肉鸭血清中IgG的含量（P＜0.05），而各试验组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。另外，添加组肉鸭血清中T₃的含量均比对照组极显著升高（P＞0.01），其中第Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组均极显著高于第Ⅱ组（P＜0.01）。各组鸭血清T₄水平无显著差异（P＞0.05）。（4）添加牛磺酸，肉鸭的免疫器官重量有不同程度提高。除第Ⅱ组外，第Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组胸腺、腔上囊和脾脏的相对重量均显著（P＜0.05）或极显著（P＜0.01）高于对照组。（5）日粮中添加牛磺酸可以改善肉鸭的胴体品质。日粮中添加不同水平牛磺酸可以提高肉鸭的屠宰率和全净膛率，其中试验Ⅲ组与对照组相比有显著升高（P＜0.05）。试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组比对照组也有提高，但未达显著水平（P＞0.05）。各添加组间无显著差异（P＞0.05）。试验组肉鸭腹脂率与对照组相比有下降的趋势，其中第111组比对照组降低11.13%（P<0 .05），而其余组与对照组相比差异未达显著水平（P>.05）。试验m组肉鸭的瘦肉率比对照组提高了16.03%（P<0 .05）。日粮中添加牛磺酸对肉鸭胸肌的大理石纹评分、pH值和肉色未产生显著影响（P>0.05）。试验n、In、W、V组的胸肌系水力与对照组相比均有不同程度的提高，其中m和V组显著高于对照组（P<0 .05），分别上升13.46%（P<0 .05）和 13.67% （P<0 .05）。添加组肉鸭胸肌剪切力比对照组均有所降低，其中111、IV、V组均显著低于对照组（P<0.05），分别降低14.10%（P<0.05）、15.86%（P<0.05）和15.42%（P<0.05）。试验m组肉鸭腿肌纤维直径显著细于对照组（P<0 .05），各添加组肉鸭胸肌纤维的直径均显著细于对照组（P<0 .01）。试验m、IV组胸肌纤维密度显著高于对照组（P<0 .05），分别比对照组高18.47%（P<0.05）和17.39%（P<0.05），但各组间差异不显著（P>.05）。试验鸭腿肌纤维密度、胸肌肌间脂肪和腿肌肌间脂肪在添加组和对照组间没有显著差异（P>0.05）。日粮中添加不同水平的牛磺酸，各添加组肉鸭肌肉的干物质、粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量与对照组没有显著的差别（P>0.05）。各添加组均可显著提高试验鸭肌肉中灰分含量（P<0.05），以试验m组作用效果最好。各组肉鸭肌肉中牛磺酸的含量相比对照组均显著提高（P<0 .01），各组间差异不显著（P>.05）。试验鸭肌肉中肌昔酸含量比对照组均有提高，试验班和W比对照组显著提高，分别提高16.86%（P<0 .01）和13.33%（P<0 .05）。添加牛磺酸各组的多不饱和脂肪酸n一6/n一3比对照组均有所降低，分别比对照组降低19.99%（P>0.05）、35.42%（P>0.05）、23.81%（P>0.05）和9.74%（P>0.05），各组间差异不显著。各添加组肉鸭肌肉中亚麻酸的含量均比对照组提高，以试验m组效果最显著（P<0.05），其亚麻酸含量是对照组的3倍。（6）试更多还原

【Abstract】 Taurine is a kind of free Amino Acid. It has attracted many attentions because of its extensive biological function. For example, it can maintain the balance of osmotic pressure, keep the normal visual sense, regulate the balance of Ca2+ in cell, reduce the carbohydrate in serum, adjust the conflict of nerve, regulate the digestion and absorbtion of lipid, enhance the systole of heart, increase the organism immunity, strengen the anti-oxdiation of cell membrance, protect the cell of cardiac muscle and so on. Among of the researchs of poultry nutrition, many of them added the taurine to broiler feed in order to heighten their performance. Few of them added it to meat duck. This experiment was conducted with Cherry Valley Meat duck to study the effect of taurine on the production performance blood biochemicah indicator immune action and slaughter performance. The purpose was to determine the optimal level of taurine on the meat duck and to explain the mechanism of its effects preliminarily.200 Cherry Valley female meat duck of 1-day old were assigned randomly into 5 groups each with 3 replicates for a 5-week trial. The basal diet was corn-soybean, containing no antibiotics nor prebiotics. The groups were fed with basal diets adding 0%(control group) 0.05% 0.1% 0.15% and 0.2% taurine. The production performance blood biochemical indicator immune action and slaughter performance were determined. The main results were showed as follows: (1)Dietary taurine remarkably promoted production performance: at the age of 36 day, the average body weight of group II III IV V increased by 3.31% (P>0.05) 8.14 (P<0.01) 7.30% (P<0.01) and 3.51%(P>.05) with the changes of taurine compared with control group. The third group had the highest average body weight. It also increased the average daily gain of II III IV V groups, respectively increased 3.37%(P>0.05) 8.32%(P<0.01) 7.80%(P<0.01) and 3.60%(P>.05) during 1 to 36 days. But it had no obviously effect on the average daily feed intake (P>0.05). The feed-meat ratio of the II III IV V groups decreased 3.32%(P>0.05) 7.83% (P<0.05) 6.45% (P<0.05 ) and 2.76% (P>.05) compared with control group, the third group was the lowest. (2)The diets added with taurine could increase the utilization rate of nutrient substance. In the early period of experiment, the utilization rate of crude ash and crude fatty of II III IV V groups were all higher than those of control group, the difference of these groups were significant (P<0.05) or extremely significant(P<0.01). In the later period of experiment, the utilization rate of dry matter crude ash crude fatty and crude protein of adding groups were all higher than those of control group, the difference of III IV group were significant (P<0.05) or extremely significant( P<0.01 ). (3)At the end of the trial, the blood total cholesterol decreased 14.47%(P>0.05) , 21.91% ( P<0.05 ) , 21.28%(P<0.05) and 15.53% ( P<0.05 ), respectively. The difference among all the experimental group was not significant. The dietary taurine slightly decreased the blood sugar (P>0.05) and the BUN(Blood Uninary Nitrogen) (P>0.05). It could significantly increase the serum albumin (P<0.05), but the difference among all the experimental group were not significant (P>0.05). It could also increase the serum IgG of experimental groups compared with the control group, the difference reached significant level. Furthermore, the concentration of serum T3, but for the second group ( P<0.05). of the rest experimental groups were extremely higher than control group (P<0.01). The difference of the serum T4 were not significant among all the groups. (4) When adding taurine to the diet, the immune-organs relative weight of meat duck had increased in different extend. The relative weight of Bursal, Thymus, Spleen, but for the II group, the III IV V groups were significant (P<0.05) or extremely significant (P<0.01) higher than control group. (5) After adding taurine to the meat duck feed, the slaughter performance of cherry valley meat duck was improved. The slaughter rate a更多还原