【作者】 郭友红；

【导师】 马文奇；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文采用温室田间试验、盆栽土培试验和砂培试验方法，研究了施肥对东方百合生长发育的影响；总结了东方百合的养分吸收规律和分配特点；比较了不同品系的切花百合在养分吸收规律上的异同点；分析了鳞茎中储存的养分在百合生长发育中所起的作用。旨在为切花百合的科学施肥提供理论依据，从而改善切花品质，提高经济效益。 田间试验结果表明，不同施肥处理的东方百合养分吸收规律和分配特点基本一致。现蕾以前，以消耗鳞茎中的养分为主，供百合植株生长；由现蕾开始，历时30天，为百合吸收氮素的高峰期，现蕾始历时45天为百合吸收磷的高峰期，钾的吸收较早，由展叶期开始，直至切花期，共计75天。氮、磷、钾在各器官的分布：现蕾以前以叶片为主，茎秆次之，地下部最少；随着百合的生长，地下部比重上升，进入切花期后，茎、叶养分降低，以地下部和花蕾为主。百合吸收累积的氮、磷、钾比例：现蕾以前为1∶0.17∶1.08，现蕾以后为1∶0.15∶1.45。 盆栽土培试验结果表明，①在生长前期，百合以消耗鳞茎为主供地上部迅速生长，这时，虽然三个切花百合品种进入了不同的生育阶段，即东方百合刚好现蕾，麝香百合和亚洲百合已现蕾完全，进入到蕾膨大期，但是它们所经历的鳞茎消耗阶段的时间基本上是一样的，大概为47天。随着生育期不断向前推移，生长中心逐渐转向蕾和鳞茎，体内养分进行再分配，同时不断从外界环境中吸收其生长发育所需的各种养分。②整个生育期内，地下鳞茎和根的N、P、K养分含量基本不变，地上部各器官逐渐降低。各器官的N、P、K养分含量在生长前期，地上部＞地下部，随着生育期的延长，地上部各器官N、P、K养分含量迅速降低，进入切花期后，除了麝香百合和亚洲百合钾浓度外，均表现为茎最低。③切花百合各器官N、P、K累积量：根在整个生育期内基本不变；鳞茎在10月6日以前迅速降低，此后，东方百合和麝香百合逐渐升高，亚洲百合变化不大；蕾在整个生育期间不断上升；东方百合和麝香百合的茎、叶N、P、K累积量在移栽后迅速增加，切花前降低，而亚洲百合自移栽至切花不断上升。④三个切花百合品种对各种养分的吸收量明显不同，比较而言，在养分供应充足的情况下，东方百合从外界环境中吸收的N、P、K养分最多，分别为0.19g／株、0.056g／株、0.31g／株；麝香百合最少，分别为0.12g／株、0.012g／株、0.19g／株；亚洲百合居中，分别为0.12g／株、0.023g／株、0.28g／株。从累积总量上来看，东方百合的氮、磷、钾比例大体维持在1∶0.11～0.17∶1.08～1.50；麝香百合为1∶0.09∶1.30；亚洲百合主要在1∶0.1～0.15∶0.73～0.89范围内波动。也就是说，切花百合对氮、钾的需求量较多，对磷的需求量相对较少，且不同品种表现基本一致。⑤与对照相比，施肥可显著提高氮、磷、钾养分在百合各器官的累积量及含量，从而增加各器官生物量，改善切花品质。 砂培试验结果表明，在东方百合生长过程中，无论外界是否供给养分，都能完成自己的切花生命周期，但是营养物质对百合的后期生长起着十分重要的作用，与对照蒸馏水培养结果相比，营养液培养的百合养分吸收量及含量增加，生物量提高，显著提高了切花的观赏品质。进一步研究表明，对东方百合分别进行N、P、K元素的缺素处理后，均明显降低了相应元素在百合各器官的养分含量及累积量，提高了百合茎生根根系活力。不同的营养元素对百合的生长起着不同的作用，缺氮显著降低了百合叶片叶绿素含量，使叶片颜色变浅；缺磷显著降低了茎秆硬度；缺钾导致花畸形。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through the field experiment and soil incubation in greenhouse, and sand incubation test, the characteristics of nutrient absorption and distribution in Oriental hybrids (Siberia) of lily were investigated, the sameness and differences in different hybrids of cut-flower lily were analyzed, and the dedication of lily bulb to mineral nutrition was evaluated. The results showed as follows.1 The field experiment showed that before flower bud appearance, the plant mainly used the materials stored in the bulb. The period of nitrogen absorbed highest was about thirty days after flower bud appearance, and the period of phosphorus was about forty-five days after flower bud appearance; however, the absorption peak of potassium was earlier than that of nitrogen and phosphorus, it was from leaf expansion to harvest, about seventy-five days. Before the flower bud appearance, the contents of N, P and K in leaf were higher than stem which was higher than the underground parts, then, the contents of the nutrient in the underground parts were higher and higher. At harvest, the contents of N, P, and K in leaf and stem were lower than that in flower-bud and the underground parts. The results also showed that the ratio of N, P, K in the whole plant was 1: 0.17: 1.08 before flower bud appearance and 1: 0.15: 1.45 after flower bud appearance.2 Soil incubation test presented five results, (1)the plant mainly used the materials stored in the bulb during prophase (about 47 days) to 3 hybrids (Oriental hybrids, Longiflorum hybrids and Asiatic hybrids) at the different procreation stages. Then, the center of growth was transferred and lily plant started to absorb the nutrients from environment. (2)During the whole procreation stages, the N, P, K concentration was basically invariable in bulb and root, while it descend gradually in leaf, stem and bud. During prophase, the N, P, K concentration in leaf and stem was higher than that in different organs of underground, but during cut-flower stages, the stem was the organ of lowest nutrient concentration, except for the K concentration of Longiflorum hybrids and Asiatic hybrids. (3)During the whole procreation stages, The N, P, K content was almost invariant in root; it was declined before the first 47 days in bulb, henceforth, Oriental hybrids and Longiflorum hybrids was increased ,while Asiatic hybrids did not changed too much; but the N, P, K content was increased in bud at all times; the N, P, K content were increased in leaf and stem after transplant, and decreased during cut flower stage. (4)Absorption quantities were different in 3 hybrids. If the nutrients of outside were enough, the Oriental hybrids of lily absorbed most and the contents of N,P and K were 0.19g/plant, 0.056g/plant and 0.31g/plant, respectively; Longiflorum hybrids of lily absorbed least and the contents of N,P and K were 0.12g/plant, 0.012g/plant and 0.19g/plant, respectively; and the contents of N,P and K in Asiatic hybrids of lily were 0.12g/plant, 0.023g/plant and 0.28g/plant, respectively. The resultsalso showed that the ratio of gross N, P, K in the whole plant was 1 0.11~ 0.17D1.08~ 1.50 in Oriental hybrids of lily; Longiflorum hybrids of lily was about 1 D0.09D1.30; and Asiatic hybrids of lily was fluctuate from 1 O.1~0.15 O.73~0.89. At other words, the cut lily flower absorbed more N and K, but little P. (5)The concentration and contents of nutrients in the lily under fertilization were higher than CK, while biomass was enhanced, and the quality of flower was improved by fertilization.3 Sand incubation experiment showed that during Oriental hybrids lily growth, whether provide nutrients or not, cut-flower lily could complete its lifecycle, but the nutrients were important to the latter growth of lily. The concentration and contents of nutrients in the lily incubated by nutrients were higher than the lily incubated by water, while biomass was enhanced, and the quality of flower was improved by application of nutrients. The consequent study showed that N, P and K had different effects to the growt更多还原