【作者】 陈文娟；

【导师】 孙维连；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 金相试样抛光机主要用于金相试样的磨光和抛光。在机械、冶金、汽车、航天航空等制造行业应用极为广泛。随着我国科学技术的发展，金相技术也将随着工业的发展而发展，金相试样抛光机作为一种金相制样设备面临着更大的机遇和挑战，实现抛光的高质量和高自动化已成为其发展的必然方向。 文中论述了模糊PID控制器的理论基础，介绍了模糊控制的原理及模糊PID的结构和设计。分析了金相研磨抛光机调速系统的组成，求出了其传递函数，建立了抛光机调速系统的模型。在此基础上设计了适用于抛光机调速系统的模糊PID控制器。即用模糊策略对PID控制器的三个参数K_p，K_I，K_d进行在线调整，有效的克服了伺服直流电机的非线性、参数时变性、模型不确定性等引起的控制难的问题。介绍按钮式数字电位器的防抖动和重复动作问题的一种解决方法，以及其在抛光机中的应用。软启动器是电动机启动新概念产品，广泛应用于各工业领域。它是微处理器和大功率晶闸管相结合的技术，本文介绍了由单片微机控制的电机软启动系统的软件和硬件设计。该系统具有控制简单、投资少、运行可靠的优点，并改善了机械特性。本文主要从抛光机理出发，阐明了各抛光参数与抛光质量的关系，提出了切实可行的控制方法，并实现了产品化。本文主要就抛光压力、抛光速度两个方面的关键技术作了详细的描述。可实现抛光盘转速实时可控。并研究出一种先进的加压执行机构，该机构能使夹具上的压力灵活调整，从而系统可根据不同的试样调整加压机构，给定合适的抛光压力。实现抛光压力持续可调。并实现抛光盘转速缓升—稳定运行—转速缓减的运行模式。目的是预防工件在加速、减速工况下破碎及平滑加工平面的实现。尽量用软件来代替了硬件，降低了成本，使系统更加小巧轻便。该系统设计新颖，技术先进，具有很高的性能价格比，采用机电一体化技术，适合国情，符合国际发展动态，但设计高自动化、低成本的适合我国国情的金相试样抛光机仍然面临有待攻克的难题，提高各项技术和经济指标仍是今后抛光机设计需解决的主要内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Metallographic Sample Polishing Machine is mainly used to cut the metallographic sample and the metal stick or make slot in metal material, which make the machine widely used in machinery, metallurgy, automobile and aviation etc. With the development of science and technology in our country and the joining in the WTO, the machine will develop with the development of industry. As a kind of sampling equipment, the Metallographic Sample Polishing Machine will face more opportunity and challenge, what’s more, high quality and automation have become its inexorable developing trend.In this article described the theoretical foundation of fuzzy PID controller, introduced the principle of the fuzzy control ,the structure and design of the fuzzy PID. Analysed the composition of the velocity modulation system of metallography grinding and polishing machine and produced their’s transmit function, set up polishing machine’s velocity modulation system. On the basis of this, have designed fuzzy PID controller which suitable for adjusting velocity in the polishing machine. That is use fuzzy strategy at PID controller to control the three parameter Kp, id, Kd changing online, effectively solve the problem of controlling difficult because the non-linear, parameter changing, model uncertainty of direct current motor. Recommended a kind of solution uses to keep the button type digital Electric potential machine from shaking and repeat moving, and its application in polishing machine . Have introduced the software and hardware of motor’s soft starting system which controlled by single microcomputer. This system has the merit of controlled simply, little investment, run reliable, and also has improved the mechanical characteristic. From polishing principle, this text clarified the relation between each polishing parameter and polishing quantity , put forward the feasible control method , and realized the commercialization. This text mainly recounted the polishing pressure and polishing speed which is very important to the polishing machine, introduced the control technique detailed. The Polishing Machine realized controlling Polishing dish on real time. And studied a kind of add press machinery that novelty machinery can adjust the pressure on the tongs skillful, so this system could adjust adding press machinery and give suitable pressure according to different metallographic sample. Realized polishing pressure adjusting continuance. Also realized the mode that Polishing dish’s turning speed growing slowly then running stable next falling slowly. The purpose of this was to prevent the workpiece from broken while accelerating, decelerating and realizing the flat surface. Replaced the hardware with the software that lowered the cost, made the system deft. The design of this system was novel, the technique was advanced, had the very high function price compare, adopted the mechatronic technique, was fit for the state of our nation, was fit for the international development status. But design The Polishing Machine with thehigh automation, low cost and keeping with our country step still need face the tickler waiting to resolve , increasing various techniques and economic index is still the main contents in the Polishing Machine designing.更多还原