【作者】 白岩；

【导师】 李雁鸣；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 在本研究中，根据入药部位和药用植物光合特性等方面的不同，选择了薏苡、红花、薄荷、地黄和天南星作为试验材料，其中包括正常叶片与异常叶片，具花植株叶片与去花植株叶片，以及天南星佛焰苞花序的苞叶。从光合特性和产物代谢两大方面，对它们进行全生育期光合色素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和在不同生态条件下全天光合特性变化的测定，并同步测定了全生育期的可溶性糖含量、硝酸还原酶活性、游离氨基酸以及可溶性蛋白质的含量。研究结果表明：以籽实作为收获部位的薏苡，全生育期光合色素含量、净光合速率和水分利用效率在5种药用植物中最高，晴天净光合速率变化为单峰曲线，没有光合“午休”现象；红花的管状花为主要入药部位，籽实亦可入药，生育期是5种药用植物中最短的，其光合色素含量、净光合速率变化和水分利用效率全生育期变化均为单峰曲线，全天净光合速率变化具有光合“午休”现象；薄荷以地上的茎叶作为入药部位，并且有无限生长的习性，即在开花结果的同时继续营养体的快速生长，虽然是喜光植物，但光合日变化呈现双峰曲线，具有光合“午休”现象；地黄和天南星分别以根茎和块茎作为入药部位，在本研究中对二者做了保留花序和摘除花序的处理，但是地黄喜阳而天南星喜阴，因此地黄全生育期的净光合速率高于天南星；二者由于有根茎块茎存在呈现双峰曲线的变化规律，与前三种以种子作为繁殖材料的药用植物存在很大差异。本研究同时对天南星的苞叶进行全生育期光合生理指标的测定，发现其中含有一定量的光合色素，能够进行较低的光合作用，同时其水分利用效率也很低；在地黄全生育期中，由于感病等原因出现一些异常叶片，通过测定结果可以看出异常叶片的各方面生理活性均低于正常叶片。在物质代谢方面，各种药用植物在不同生育时期、不同物种或者不同处理之间均显现出很大的差异，同时也呈现出一定的规律性：即作为重要的光合产物，碳水化合物(C)与含氮化合物(N)的比值(C／N)随着生育期而发生明显变化；生育前期，C／N比较低，呈扩大型代谢，表明营养物质用于根、茎、叶营养器官的生长；生育后期，C／N比较高，呈贮藏型代谢，表明营养物质用于果实、种子(薏苡、红花、薄荷)或越冬贮藏器官——根茎、块茎(如地黄、天南星)。更多还原

【Abstract】 This research was based on medicinal parts and photosynthetic characteristics and other aspects of different medicinal herbs so that Job’s-tears (Coix lachryma-jobi), safflower(Carthamus tinctorius), corn mint(Mentha haplocalyx), Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. and Araceae(Arisaema consanguineum) were chosen as experimental materials including normal and diseased leaves, leaves on plants with flowering detached and undetached. The changes of photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency during the whole growing period, and the diurnal changes of photosynthesis in different ecological conditions were measured, and the changes of soluble sugar content, nitrate reductase activity, free amino acids content and soluble protein content were also determined simultaneously. The results showed that, Job’s-tears, with seeds as its gain part, showed the highest photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency during whole growing period in the five species of medicinal herbs, and its diurnal change of photosynthesis showed single peak curves without midday depression. Safflower, whose tubular-flowers and seeds were the main medicinal parts, had the shortest growing period among the five herbs. The changes of photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency during growing period of safflower were all single peak curves, but its daily change of photosynthesis was double peak curve with a midday depression. With stems and leaves as its medicinal parts, corn mint had indefinite growth behavior, blossomed and fruited and grew in vegetative organs synchronously. The daily changes of photosynthesis were also two peak curves having midday depression although it was heliophillous plant. Rhizomes were the medicinal parts of Rehmannia glutinosa and tubers were the medicinal parts of Araceae, but Rehmannia glutinosa was heliophillous plant and Araceae was heliophibous so that the net photosynthetic rate of Rehmannia glutinosa was higher than that of Araceae. The changes of photosynthesis of the two species were double peak curves differing from those of the other three seeding-reproduced plants because of the existence of rhizomes and tubers during growing period. The determination of photosynthetic physiological parameters of bract of Areceae spadix during growing period showed that it contained photosynthetic pigment and, was capable of photosynthesis, transpiration, although lower than those of leaves. The photosynthetic physiological characteristics of diseased leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa were much lower than that of normal leaves.On the other hand, the substance metabolism of different medicinal herbs revealed diversity during different growing phases, in different species and different treatments. Carbohydrate (C) and nitrides (N) acted as mainphotosynthetic production and the ratio of them (C/N) showed variations obviously in different growing stages. Lower C/N in early stages showed enlargement metabolism, meaning that nutrition was used in the growth of vegetative organs such as roots, stems and leaves. Higher C/N in late stages showed storage metabolism, meaning that nutrition was used in the growth of fruits, seeds (such as in Job’s-tears, safflower andcorn mint) orover-winter storage organs--rhizomes and tubers (such as in Rehmannia glutinosa andAraceae).更多还原