【作者】 谢志霞；

【导师】 李存东；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验于2002-2003年在河北农业大学西校区标本园进行。以单铃重为标准选择5个代表性棉花基因型作为试验材料(包括小铃型品种三江八大花和册亨大棉花、单铃重居中的转Bt基因抗虫棉新33B、单铃重较大的品种转Bt基因抗虫杂交棉中棉29以及超大铃品种宿棉9108)，系统地研究了不同铃重基因型棉花源库的生理特性及其它与产量和品质密切相关的指标，旨在探讨不同铃重基因型棉花的源库特征及其协调性，为栽培管理措施的制定和生理育种提供理论依据。结果表明： 1．子叶叶面积大小是鉴定棉花产量性状的早期形态指标，在同一类型棉花品种中，子叶叶面积与单铃籽棉重存在正相关。小铃品种干物重在前期低于大铃品种，但三片真叶期以后，其干物重超过大铃品种。转Bt棉品种在苗期的子叶面积和干物质积累量都小于常规棉品种，说明转Bt棉品种营养生长迟缓。 2．叶片中的叶绿素、可溶性糖、淀粉含量，25d日龄前铃壳中可溶性糖、淀粉含量，棉铃内部充实期棉铃干物重日平均增长量，以及衣分、纤维长度、比强度、整齐度指标均受不同铃重基因型的影响，并与不同铃重基因型呈显著正相关；35d日龄以前，棉籽内的淀粉含量、铃壳率、吐絮期主茎叶片中的SOD活性的高低与不同铃重基因型呈负相关。 3．各供试棉花品种铃叶中的叶绿素a／b值随着果枝节位的降低而下降，表现出下部铃叶对弱光越来越强的适应能力。主茎叶片中的可用态糖含量(可溶性糖与淀粉含量之和)在营养生长期高于生殖生长期，以现蕾前后最高。可用态糖含量与可溶蛋白的比值(C／N)在盛花期达最高。棉籽内的WSC含量受棉铃空间着生位置的影响。主茎叶片中SOD活性下降，POD活性升高时预示着叶片将衰老脱落。 4．供试小铃品种源库性状指标表现为：单个棉铃对营养物质的需求量少，受其品种特性及库对源的反馈调节机制的影响，源叶内一些同光合生产有关的物质含量和活性较低，其光合同化能力较弱，叶绿素含量、叶绿素a／b值均较低，光合生产能力弱，不能高效地利用光照条件同化较多的碳水化合物，源的质量不高。受基因型和源的限制，其籽棉干物质积累时间较短，棉籽对同化物的利用能力低，后期铃壳向棉铃内部运转的同化物数量少，库活性弱；铃重变异度大，最高单铃重出现在棉株上部果枝，外围果节的单铃重大于内围果节。铃型小的品种，但其营养器官发育良好，光合叶面积高值持续期较长，后期叶面积下降幅率较小，有足够的光合叶面积同化较多的营养物质供应棉铃，LAI变化动态合理，利于形成高产群体结构。由于其单铃籽棉重小，虽其单株结铃数不低，但最终籽棉产量不高。由此可见，库容量小是限制小铃品种高产的主要因素，任何提高库容量的措施都应能提高产量。 5.供试大铃品种源库性状表现为:最高单铃重出现在棉株上部果枝，同一果枝的内围果节单铃重大于外围果节。棉铃对同化物的吸收利用率高，棉籽内有较多的淀粉合成纤维素，利于籽棉干物重的积累。到棉铃内部充实期止，单位重量铃壳内WSC和淀粉向棉铃内的转移率较高，大铃品种的库活性强。叶片中叶绿素含量高且高值持续期较长，净光合同化能力较高，源活性较强，但早期叶面积增长缓慢，最大叶面积持续时间短，后期LAI下降迅速，不能保证后期有较充足的同化物供应，从而造成蕾、铃大量脱落，伏桃脱落率最高，最终产量不高。由分析可知，大铃品种产量进一步提高的主要限制因素源叶面积不足，生产上可通过“扩源”来提高籽棉产量。 6.转Bt棉品种绝大部分性状指标居于小铃和超大铃之间，其源库性状表现为:前期营养体生长较迟缓，后期LAI下降幅度高于其它常规棉。叶片后期的光合性能比较好，蕾、铃脱落率低。不同转Bt基因抗虫棉品种的源库特性存在一定的差异。其中新棉33B和中棉所29比较结果如下: 新棉33B叶片中的叶绿素含量在全生育期保持较高水平，后期相对稳定;其结铃性强，但棉铃对营养物质的吸收利用能力较弱，不同结铃区位的单铃重表现为:中部>下部>上部。中棉所29叶片中叶绿素含量自盛铃后下降迅速;棉株旺盛生长期对弱光的吸收利用率高于其它品种:进入吐絮期后衰老趋势明显。库活性较强。 总之对于供试大铃品种来说，限制其产量进一步提高的主要因素是源，尤其是源叶面积不足;对于小铃品种，其产量限制因素为库，特别是库的活性需要进一步提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Five cottons varieties, small-boll varieties SanJiangBaDaHua and CeHengDaMianHua, middle-boll Bt-transgenic variety XinMian33B, big-boll Bt-transgenic hybrid CCRI29 and extreme big-boll cotton SuMian9108, were used to study the coordination of source-sink at the experimental station of Hebei Agricultural University from 2002 to 2003. The author scientifically studied on the physiological characteristics of source-sink and on others index related closely to yield and fiber quality in different boll-weight genotype cottons in order to elucidate the characteristics of source-sink in different genotypes, by which to provide theoretical support on drawing up cotton management strategies and identifying useful physiological index in early period of breeding work. The results were as follows:1. Cotyledon area was an index of yield in early growth period of cotton and existed positive correlation to seed cotton weight per boll. Dry weight of small-boll variety cotton plant was lower than big-boll variety in early period, and it was higher than big-boll variety after three leaves stage. As to Bt-transgenic, the cotyledon area and plant’s dry matter accumulation during seedling period were less than other cotton varieties. It suggested that vegetative growth of Bt-transgenic cotton was slower than that of others.2. The boll-weights significantly positively correlated with the content of chlorophyll, soluble sugar and amylum content in the leaves, the content of soluble sugar and amylum in the boll-bell during the first 25d after flowering, the average increase in dry matter weight of boll per day during the induction of weight enhancement of ball period and cotton fiber’s quality indexes, such as, length, strength and uniformity; while negatively correlated with the content of amylum in cottonseed at the first 35d after flowering, SOD activity during boll-opening stage in main stem leaves and the ratio of boll-bell’s weight to boll.3. The chlorophyll a/b in branches’ leaves of every cotton varieties decreased with the lowing of branches’ positioning, which showed that the lower branches’ leaves tolerant sunshine deficiency. The content of usable sugar (toll content of soluble sugar and amylum) was higher during vegetative growth period than in reproduction growth period, with having the maximum value at the first budappeared. The ratio of usable sugar to soluble protein content reached the summit at flourish flowering stage. The content of soluble sugar in cottonseed was affected by boll’s spatial position. The SOD activity declines and the POD activity increased at the same time in main stem leaves, which suggested that the leaves would pre-mature senescence.4. The source-sink physiological characteristics of small-boll variety showed that the change of LAI was beneficial to form high-yield group canopy structure. But its many physiological parameters, such as, lower chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b and weaker photosynthesis capability all indicate that small-boll couldn’t use strong light to produce photosynthetic products as much as big-boll categories produced, showing that the source quality of small-boll was poor. Under the effect of source limitation, small-boll variety had shorter induction period of weight enhancement of boll; the capability of utilizing photosynthesis matter of cottonseed of small-boll genotype, which just contested that the sink activity of small-boll category was weaker than that of big-boll ones. Moreover, the boll weights of small-boll category fluctuated between a large of scope. The heaviest boll was in the upper branches, while in the same branch, the boll weight of the third position was heavier than that of first position.5. As for the big-boll genotypes, the heaviest bolls located on the upper branches, at the same time, in a branch, the boll weight of first position was heavier than that of third position. Big-boll categories had longer period of keeping high chlorophyll content in leaves, stronger photosynthesis and more plentiful更多还原