【作者】 裴智能；

【导师】 吴光金；

【作者基本信息】 中南林学院 ， 森林保护， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文对菊花、郁金香和康乃馨进行了脱除病毒培育无毒苗的适用技术研究。现将主要结果摘要如下：菊花脱毒苗培育试验中，以患花叶病“国庆”菊花幼嫩茎尖长0.5-0.8mm为外植体。外植体愈伤组织的诱导和生长及分化出芽均受到BA和NAA配比的影响。在MS+BA2.0mg／1+NAA0.1mg／1培养基上培养，愈伤组织诱导效果最好，诱导率达96.0％；愈伤组织分化出芽以MS+BA3.0mg／1+NAA0.1mg／1效果最佳，分化率达60.0％，每块愈伤组织平均分化出4个芽。幼苗2cm长时切割转接到1／2MS培养基上培养，10天后长出白色小根，生根率达78.0％；在含有NAA0.1-0.5mg／1培养基上生根率可达92.0％以上，在1／2MS+NAA0.1mg／1中培养的每株生根数最多。郁金香脱毒组织培养，以0.3-0.5mm茎尖为外植体。茎尖愈伤组织的诱导在MS+NAA2.0mg／1+BA1.5mg／1培养基上诱导率达94.0％；愈伤组织分化出芽在MS+NAA0.5mg／1+BA1.5mg／1培养基分化率达86.0％；用茎尖直接分化芽的试验中，在MS+NAA0.1mg／1+2，4-D0.1mg／1上茎尖成活率达90.0％，分化率达60.0％；郁金香组培苗生根培养，在1／2MS+NAA0.5mg／1培养基中生根率达80.0％，平均每苗生根5.2条。康乃馨脱毒组培试验表明，用0.3mm茎尖接种，以MS+BA0.7mg／1+NAA0.1-0.2mg／1为培养基诱导愈伤组织效果好，诱导率为90.0％；愈伤组织分化出芽以MS+BA0.8mg／1+NAA0.2mg／1培养分化最好，分化率为74.0％，平均每块愈伤组织有芽5.9个。在1／2MS+NAA0.01mg／1+IBA0.05-1.0mg／1上诱导生根时间短，根条数适中，生根率为86.0-94.0％；在康乃馨组培试验中采取降低培养温度、增加光照强度，在培养基中加入20万单位青霉素可减轻玻璃苗现象。三种花卉的组培苗，经症状观察、汁液传染试验、内含体染色检查等病毒学试验检测，以后两种方法结果为依据，菊花脱毒苗有19株，脱毒率63.3％；郁金香、康乃馨脱毒苗均有13株，脱毒率均为65％。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three kinds of virus-free plants about Chrysanthemum, Tulip and Caryophyllus were studied in the paper. In test of virus-free Chrysanthemum plant, the Chrysanthemum stem tips with a length of 0.5-0.8mm is suitable for explants, which came from "Guoqing" Chrysanthemum with CMV. They were inoculated in MS medium with different consistency of BA and NAA. The results showed that the proportion of BA and NAA affected callus inducing and growing. Callus grew well on MS+BA2.0mg/l+NAA0.1mg/l, 96.0% explants formed. Callus differentiation was affected by different consistency of BA and NAA. About 60.0% callus developed on MS+BA3.0mg/l+NAA0.1mg/l, and there were 4 buds every callus. The buds were cut and transferred into 1/2MS medium, and they generated small write roots after 10 days. The rooting rate was 78.0% into 1/2 MS medium without NAA, and more than 92.0% into medoum with different consistency of NAA. But it was good to rooting into medium with l/2MS+NAA0.1mg/l. In test of virus-free Tulip plant, stem tips with a length of 0.3-0.5mm is suitable for explants. Stem tips induced callus well on medium MS+NAA2.0mg/l+BA1.5mg/l, with 94.0% explants formed. About 86.0% callus of Tulip developed on MS+NAA0.5mg/l+BA 1.5mg/l. About 60.0% Tulip stem tips directly diffrented into buds well on MS+NAA0.1mg/l +2,4-D0.1mg/l. The rooting rate was 80.0% into l/2MS+NAA0.5mg/l, and there were 5.2 buds every callus. In test of virus-free Caryophyllus plant, stem tips with a length of 0.3 mm is suitable for explants. The Caryophyllus callus grew well on MS+BA0.7mg/l+NAA0.1-0.2mg/l, 90.0% explant formed. About 74.0% callus developed on MS+BA0.8mg/l +NAA0.2mg/l, and there were 5.9 buds every callus. The rate of rooting and transpiant were 86.0%-94.0% on l/2MS+NAA0.01mg/l+IBA0.05-1.0mg/l. The ratio of Caryophyllus glassy plant counld be lightened through reducing culture tempurature, increasing illumination or adding penicillin into medium. Virus-free plants of three kinds of flower were tested by sap transmission, symptom observing and endosome dyring. By testing, there were 19 Chrysanthemum virus-free plants, which virus-free rate is 63.3%, 13 Tulip virus-free plants and Caryophyllus virus-free plants, which virus-free rate is 65% in the paper.更多还原