蛭石在生活污水处理工艺中的应用研究

【作者】 刘勇；

【导师】 王平；

【作者基本信息】 中南林学院 ， 环境科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，人们在污水处理廉价高效填料的应用上作了大量的研究。蛭石作为粘土矿物的一种，具有独特的层状结构而表现出良好的吸附和离子交换性能，在污水处理中有广阔的应用前景。本文就其应用于实际工艺进行了理论研究及实际工艺应用。实验结果如下： （1）在理论方面，研究了吸附时间、共存阳离子、投加量及粒径对蛭石吸附氨氮的影响。结果表明蛭石对氨氮吸附速度快，在吸附开始半小时氨氮吸附量可达到平衡时的60％；溶液中的共存阳离子对蛭石吸附氨氮具有很大的影响，影响的强弱顺序为Mg²⁺>ca²⁺>K⁺>Na⁺；通过分析比较，得出在实际工艺应用中，采用lg：100mL的投加量比例及小粒径的蛭石较为合适。 （2）试验进行了蛭石-SBR与常规SBR去除污染物的性能比较，结果表明蛭石填料不仅具备一般生物载体的特点，还能进一步选择性地富集硝化细菌，通过生物方式实现吸附再生平衡，有效地提高反应体系的硝化性能，氨氮去除率比对照组高出20～30％。硝化菌附着在填料表面，其泥龄较长，不易流失。反应系统在填料的流化下，提高了系统的传质性能，故对有机物的去除效果高于SBR，蛭石-SBR比一般SBR系统高出5％。 （3）在蛭石-SBR系统运行的诸多影响因素中，温度对COD_Cr的去除没有很大的影响，蛭石-SBR对温度的适应性比常规SBR强；在温度适宜时，pH是制约硝化的重要因素，通过在反应过程中调节pH可以达到很高的NH₄⁺-N去除率；其它条件一定下，15L／h时是系统适宜的曝气量，分析原因，是因为过大的曝气量破坏活性污泥絮体结构，会降低COD_Cr的去除效果，而15L／h的曝气量已足够硝化过程对溶解氧需求，增大曝气量来提高溶解氧浓度不经济。 （4）蛭石应用于一级生物强化处理中，蛭石填料对有机物去除没有明显效果，但可以增加系统对氨氮去除能力，与对照组相比，高出30％多；吸附饱和后的蛭石，在活性污泥再生过程中，通过活性污泥的降解有机物，可去除较大部分的氨氮。通过实验，得出活性污泥吸附去除COD_Cr的合适吸附时间为30min，吸附饱和污泥再生时间为2h。 本文创新地提出了在SBR工艺及强化一级生物处理中应用蛭石填料，并通过对比，得出应用蛭石填料后，可增加反应系统去除氨氮性能，并初步分析了各因素对处理效果的影响，其中研究方法与初步结论对于同类研究和生产实践均具有一定的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 These years, the appliance of cheapness and high effect fillings to wastewater treatment has been investigated a lot. Vermiculite is one of soil minerals, and possesses better adsorption and ion exchange capacity for its sandwich structure, so exhibit wider application prospect in domestic sewage treatment. This paper study the possibility of vermiculite’s appliance to crafts, and reach the practice reactor applying. The test results were manifested as follows:(1) During theory research, the effect of time, coexisting cations on the absorption of ammonia-nitrogen onto the vermiculite were studied, while the effects of vermiculite amount and particle size were discussed respectively. The tests show that the rate of vermiculite absorb ammonia-nitrogen is fast, and the adsorption’ amount of ammonia-nitrogen in 30min may reach 60% compared with the amount in balance; coexisting cations have rather big impact on the adsorptive action, the sequence is as follows: Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Na+; by analysis, when apply to craft, the suitable solid/liquid is l:100(g/mL) and small particle size are better than big.(2) The characteristics of contaminated material removal were investment on vermiculite-SBR and SBR. The experimental results indicated that the vermiculite filling can accumulate nitrifiers, and by the nitrifiers’ transformation, vermiculites accomplish the performance of adsorption. Compared with common SBR, vermiculite-SBR can increase NH4+-N removal efficiency by more than 20~30%. Nitrifiers may grow in the surface of vermiculites, though the grow rate of nitrifiers is slow , it can accumulate in the reactors. As the filling moves, the reactor has enhance the ability to transfer the materials and oxygen, and so CODCr removal efficiency increase by more than 5%.(3) Among many factors that impact system .temperature has little effect on the removal of CODCr, Compared with common SBR, vermiculite-SBR has better capacity of resisting the low temperature; when temperature is suitable, pH is an important factor that constraint the rate of nitrification. By regulating the pH during the process of treatment, the system may reach hige NH4+-N removal efficiency. When other factors are finable, 15L/h is the suitable amount of aeration.By analysis, the excessive aeration amount will destroy the capacity of sludge, and so decrease the removal efficiency of CODCr,and the 15L/h aeration amount is enouge for the demand of nitrification.(4) The vermiculite apply to the system of intensified bio-flocculation and adsorption primary treatment technology was also study in this paper. Compared with normal treatment system, vermiculite system can not increase CODCr removal efficiency, but can increase greatly NH4+-N removal efficiency by more than 30% The suitable adsorption time of activated sludge removal CODCr by adsorption and the time of renew the activated sludge were studied respectively.This paper put forward innovatively to add vermiculite to SBR and the system of intensified bio-flocculation and adsorption primary treatment, and compared with common system, draw the conclusion that applying the vermiculite fillings to treatment systems could increase the capacity of system removal contaminating materials.更多还原