湘西民族建筑布局和空间的研究

【作者】 肖湘东；

【导师】 沈守云；

【作者基本信息】 中南林学院 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 湘西民族建筑是历代人民经过长期与自然界斗争，与生活相融合的产物，是中国民族文化宝库中的一笔财富，经过千百年的锤炼，它已形成独特的居住环境和住宅体系，有着独特的文化内涵．湘西民族建筑所表现的建筑风格，是中国古代建筑技术和艺术的综合反映。但是，它也具有时代的烙印和民族性；日本黑川纪章提醒人们注意：“在大量运用先进技术时，容易导致传统与地方特色的消失，但应注意方法论。思维方式与哲学，才能体现传统及地方特色与现代建筑的结合”。 近百年来现代文明的闯入，给封闭的地域民族建筑文化以猛烈的冲击，现代生活模式的改变亦使地域民族建筑文化发生了很大变化，多方向与多层次的知识使人们对民族建筑面积文化采取积极的态度，这并非意味着削弱与抛弃，而是从现实出发，面向未来，有目的地自由选择，兼收并蓄，创造新的文化——未来的民族建筑文化，重新审视是将民族建筑从过去拉到现在，从”天上”拉到“人间”。对民族建筑材料文化的追溯并非单纯的考古，更重要的是探求它在现代的发展，在接受旧民族建筑文化传统的同时，以现代方法改变旧传统，创造新传统，不断变革并非异端，而是发展与进步的活力。 湘西民族建筑经过数百年的历史积淀，反映了湘西地区在自然生态环境与社会人文背景方面的鲜明特色。对其建筑空间与环境空间结合的特色研究，对于现代城镇发展、建筑设计和学术研究都具有非常重要的现实意义。 论文在简要介绍了空间概念、建筑空间构成、中国民族建筑空间构成、湘西概况、湘西民族建筑空间的文化背景及湘西居民生活空间的构成之后，分别从总体布局、建筑平面布局、建筑空间和建筑外部空间造型四个层面对湘西民族建筑空间特色进行分析与归纳。首先，论文分析了民族建筑针对特殊的自然环境与社会环境，其总体布局如何；具体体现自然适应性和社会适应性的特色：其次，论文以店宅、一般住宅、宅院、公共建筑四种湘西民族建筑类型为主，以相应的人的生活模式为线索，分析湘西民族建筑的平面布局特色；再者，论文从街道空间、院落空间、室内空间三个部分展开，同时对湘西地区汉族、土家族、苗族、侗族的村镇和民居建筑空间(包括侗族特色的鼓楼)分别进行了颇有民族特色的着力探寻；最后，论文分外部空间造型与自然因素、外部空间造型的非理性与偶成、外部空间造型与功能关系、外部空间造型与地形关系、吊脚楼及八字门与围墙等六个部分，具体分析湘西民族建筑外部空间造型特色。 在四个层面的特色研究中，论文在每一部分后都予以小结，最后在论文结尾再加以总结，旨在为相关实践提供一定程度的理论指导与技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The traditional building in the west of Hunan province is not only the production of struggle with nature and mixture with life but also the wealth in the national culture treasury of China. Through thousands of years’ improvement, it has formed into a unique living environment and housing system with the distinctive connotation. The architectural style displayed by this traditional building is the comprehensive reflection of the ancient architecture and art in China. Though, it owns the mark of times and nationality as well. 黑川纪章(an Japanese outstanding architect)reminds people that it is very easy to make both tradition and local feature vanish while using high technology. Therefore, methodology, coupled with philosophy and the way of thinking should be stressed that embody the combination of tradition, distinguishing feature and modem architecture.With the modern culture rush in, it brings both fierce conflict on the culture of sealed regional architecture and the change of national building resulted by that of modern living pattern. Multiplex knowledge make people adopt positive attitude towards nationally architectural culture. It doesn’t mean weak and abandon, but a creation of new architectural culture from the reality with option and combination. Re-examination is the process from the future to the past, from the universe to the earth. Trace the national architecture back is not only the simple archaeology, it focuses on exploring its development in modern society. It is the vigor of progress to alter the old tradition, create new one and change it increasingly.The traditional building in the west of Hunan province, having experienced hundreds of years of historical sediment, reflects the features of natural environment and social human backgrounds in the west of Hunan province to some extent. Accordingly, the pertinent researches in architectural and environmental features of the west in Hunan province have a special importance for the development of towns, architectural design and academic study.The thesis gives a brief introduction about space concept, building space constitute, Chinese national building space constitute, the general introduction of the west in Hunan, the cultural background of the traditional building in the west of Hunan province and the composition of living room. Besides, the author also give a detailed analysis and conclusion from the four levels of the total layout, building flat surface layout, building space and the exterior space shape. First, the thesis analyzed the race building, aim at the special natural environment and social milieu, i.e. how its total layout is; the concrete nature adaptability to the natural and social features. Second, this thesis analyzes the feature of layout in this origin with the examples of store, house, general residence, house, courtyard, public buildings and the clues of person’s living mode. Furthermore, the thesis launches from street space, courtyard space, indoors space to explore the villages and living room of the nationalities such as 汉,土家,苗,侗. Finally, the thesis gives a specific analysis of the exterior space and nature factor, unreasoned composition of exterior space and fortuity, the relationship between the exterior space and function, the exterior space and geography and hang feet floor and horoscope doors and fence etc.The thesis gives a summary after every part of the feature research of the above four aspects, and makes a overall summary at the end of it, aiming at providing theory and technology guide to some extent for relevant practice.更多还原