【作者】 杜咏梅；

【导师】 王允白； 肖协忠；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 植物营养学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 目前，国际上普遍采用焦油、烟碱和一氧化碳三项指标评价卷烟的安全性，其中焦油是最主要的指标，苯并[a]芘被认为是焦油中最主要的致癌物质之一。本文通过研究不同抽吸条件下主流烟气苯并[a]芘和其他有害物质释放量(TPM、烟碱和一氧化碳)的差异，探讨了不同吸烟方式对有害物质产生量的影响；通过研究不同类型及牌号的卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘的释放量和其TPM致突变性的差异，探讨了卷烟类型及焦油释放量与其安全性之间的关系，以及卷烟主流烟气苯并[a]芘与其致突变性之间的关系。主要结论如下： 1、抽吸条件的变化对主流烟气有害物质释放量的影响相当大，一支低焦油混合型卷烟，在某种抽吸方式下，产生的苯并[a]芘和其他有害物质可能远高于一支高焦油烤烟在标准条件下相应物质的产生量。 2、同一抽吸条件的变化，对每口烟气中不同有害物质含量的影响并不一致，由此可以推断抽吸条件的变化对烟气有害物质释放量影响的复杂性。 3、减少烟蒂长度、提高抽吸频率、增加抽吸容量均能引起主流烟气苯并[a]芘及其他有害物质释放量的增加，但并不呈线性。在其他条件不变的情况下，某一抽吸条件的变化，对主流烟气苯并[a]芘释放量的影响最小，对烟碱的影响最大。但如果任何两种或三种增加有害物质产生量的吸烟方式同时采用，主流烟气中苯并[a]芘释放量的增加幅度却大于烟碱。 4、混合型卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘的含量低于烤烟型卷烟，但对同一种类型的卷烟，苯并[a]芘释放量与盒标的焦油量、烟碱量、一氧化碳释放量以及卷烟的价格档次都没有显著的相关关系。不同牌号的卷烟TPM致突变强度存在极显著的差异。在分析的样品范围内，商品卷烟TPM的致突变性与主流烟气苯并[a]芘、烟碱、焦油和一氧化碳释放量以及卷烟价格档次和卷烟类型没有相关性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tar, nicotine and CO is used generally as the index to evaluate the security of cigarette in the present world. Tar, contain BaP considered the main carcinogen, is the most important index. Based on the study of the deliveries of BaP and other harmful component in mainstream under alternative puffing regimens, the effects on the harmful component deliveries were discussed. Based on the difference of the yield of BaP and the mutagenicity of TPM in different type cigarettes and brands, the correlation between the cigarette types graded in different tar yield and the security of cigarette , and between the yield of BaP and the mutagenicity of TPM were studied. The flowing main conclusion is:The deliveries of harmful components in mainstream smoke vary greatly with the alternative puffing regimens, in some puffing regimens , the yield of BaP and other harmful components deliveried by a low tar light cigarette equal to or even exceed obviously that of a high tar flue-cured cigarette.Based on the difference of the effect on the yield of different harmful components in every puffing smoke with the changes of one puffing regimen, it was concluded the complexity of the effect of alterative puffing regimens on the yield of different harmful components.Decreasing butt length, increasing puffing volume, and shortening puffing alternation all can increase the yield of BaP and other harmful components in mainstream smoke, but the correlation is not linear. The results show that the effect of changing a certain smoking condition on deliveries of nicotine is much great than that of BaP, but the conclusion will be reverse if two or three puffing regimens increasing the yield of harmful component are used in the mean time.The yield of BaP of low tar light cigarettes is lower than that of high tar flue-cured cigarettes. The yield of BaP have no correlation with tar , nicotine ,CO in mainstream smoke and the grade of the cigarettes ,and the same as the mutagenicity of TPM with the yield of BaP, tar , nicotine ,CO in main stream smoke and the type and the grade of the cigarettes. The results show that the TPM of the choosen cigarettes can induce mutagenesis of chromosome of mouse marrow cell, and the difference of mutagenicity is highly significant among the brand cigarettes.更多还原