【作者】 杨光梅；

【导师】 赵广才；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 肥料运筹是调控小麦品质最重要的栽培措施之一，本研究以对小麦品质影响较大的肥料措施为重点，以优质强筋小麦中优9507为材料，在全生育期肥料用量一致的前提下，设计不同的肥料(氮、磷、钾、硫配方，氮肥施用时期)组合，研究和比较分析了各组合对小麦品质指标的影响，同时探讨了品质形成的生理基础，并对小麦的品质评价指标的确立进行了分析：同时研究了在常规栽培方式下，增施硫肥对籽粒蛋白质含量不同的小麦品种的产量及品质的调控作用。主要结果如下： 1．明确了旗叶露尖3周以后，旗叶中的硝酸还原酶活性、叶绿素含量及氮素含量等生理指标与小麦的最终品质显著正相关，抽穗后小麦各营养器官含氮量与小麦最终营养品质显著正相关。此结果对预测小麦品质有重要参考价值。 2．不同施肥处理对小麦生理指标和品质有明显影响，氮肥追肥处理比基肥处理提高了旗叶中硝酸还原酶活性、叶绿素含量、氮素含量及营养器官中的氮素含量；氮肥追肥分拔节肥和开花肥施用各项生理指标最高，最终提高了小麦籽粒醇溶蛋白、总蛋白含量、面团流变学特性及干湿面筋含量，是提高小麦综合品质的最佳肥料组合。 3．系统分析比较了小麦的各项品质指标对评价小麦籽粒的品质的重要性和代表性，沉降值、湿面筋含量与总蛋白含量及干面筋含量与贮藏蛋白含量正相关关系最密切，出粉率与籽粒中醇溶／谷蛋白的比值关系最为密切。且成负相关关系。醇溶／谷蛋白、千粒重及干面筋含量对面包的综合品质有重要的预测价值，且醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白含量的比值的作用大于其余两个指标。 4．在常规肥料措施下增施硫肥，提高了小麦营养体及籽粒中的含氮量，显著提高了籽粒中醇溶蛋白及总蛋白含量，不同基因型对硫肥的反应存在差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fertilizer measure is one of the most effective cultivation ways to regulate wheat quality. In this experiment all the fertilizer factors (different N, P. K, S combination and the different nitrogen application phases) which have an effect on wheat quality were designed in the same field, on the condition that fertilizer quantity was the same and applied to the same high quality wheat varieties, Zhongyou 9507. The main objective was to compare the different effects of fertilizer treatments on wheat quality in the same experiment. At the same time, physiological basis for wheat quality was discussed, and evaluation methods of wheat quality were analyzed. The effect of sulphur fertilizer on the quality and yield of different protein content of wheat varieties was investigated further when it was applied additionally to the conventional fertilizer measure. The main results are as below:1. The nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content and nitrogen content in the flag leaf showed significant positive correlation with wheat quality after the emergence of flag leaf. After heading period a positive correlation between nitrogen content of vegetative organs and wheat quality was evidently presented. This result is valuable to predict the wheat quality.2. Different fertilizer treatments showed notable effects on the physiological parameters and wheat quality’. In comparison with the basic fertilizer treatment, top-dressing fertilizer treatment of nitrogen fertilizer increased NRA activity, Chl content in flag leaf and N content in flag leaf and vegetative organs to some degree, and top-dressing in the jointing and flowering stage showed best effect on physiological parameters in the late stage of wheat. Top-dressing nitrogen in twice significantly increased prolamin content, total protein content, dough rheological characters and gluten content, and was regarded as the best fertilizer treatment to improve wheat quality.3. Different quality parameters were analyzed systematically to confirm their role in evaluating wheat quality. Sedimentation value and wet gluten content are positively correlated to total protein content, the same as dry gluten to the storage protein content. While the flour yield was negatively correlated to the ratio of prolamin and glutenin. And all the relations were the closest ones among the parameters. The ratio of prolamin and glutenin, 1000 grain weight, dry gluten content were valuable parameters to predict the bread-making quality, and the ratio was more reliable than the other two parameters.4. When sulphur fertilizer was applied additionally to conventionally fertilized field, the nitrogen content in vegetative organs and kernel were increased and the content of prolamin content and total protein content were increased significantly, too. Different genotype showed different reaction to sulphur fertilizer.更多还原