【作者】 肖春妹；

【导师】 林松柏；

【作者基本信息】 华侨大学 ， 材料学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 高吸水性树脂是一种新型功能高分子材料，具有很强的吸水能力和保水能力，已得到广泛应用。相对于淀粉类、合成类高吸水性树脂而言，纤维素类高吸水性树脂研究较少。本文研究了羟乙基纤维素基高吸水性材料的合成及其性能。 1)以过硫酸钾—亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂，N，N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，通过溶液聚合合成了羟乙基纤维素接枝丙烯酰胺（HEC-g-AM）高吸水性树脂。探讨接枝聚合的反应机理；研究反应温度、交联剂用量、引发剂用量、AM与HEC配比、氢氧化钠浓度与用量等因素对高吸水性树脂吸液率的影响；采用IR、TA、XRD方法研究材料结构与性能的关系。实验结果表明，适宜的反应条件是反应温度50℃、AM与HEC配比8：1、交联剂用量和引发剂用量（相对单体质量百分比）分别为0.06％、0.9％。该高吸水性树脂吸蒸馏水和0.9％NaCl溶液的倍数分别为1360g/g和115g/g。 2)在HEC-g-AM高吸水性材料制备工艺基础上，引入硅溶胶，采用溶胶—原位聚合方法，制备了HEC-g-AM／SiO₂高吸水性复合材料。探讨了硅溶胶用量、交联剂用量、引发剂用量等因素对该高吸水性复合材料吸水性能的影响，考察了材料的保水性能、热稳定性以及粒径与吸水速度关系，采用IR、TA、XRD、SEM方法研究材料结构与性能的关系。结果表明硅溶胶用量为7％（单体质量百分比）时，吸蒸馏水和0.9％NaCl溶液的倍数分别为1120g/g和105g/g。与HEC-g-AM高吸水材料制备条件相比，交联剂用量减少，引发剂用量增加。此外，材料的热稳定性提高。 3)研究HEC-g-AM、HEC-g-AM／SiO₂两种高吸水性材料在不同盐溶液、不同pH值溶液、不同有机溶液中的溶胀行为。实验结果表明：盐溶液的浓度越高，离子价态越高，吸液率越低；溶液酸度过高或碱度过高时，吸液率显著降低；随水中有机溶剂浓度的升高，吸液能力也下降。通过DSC分析吸水凝胶材料的热行为，表明随着含水量的逐渐增加，相转变温度逐渐升高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) are new type of functional polymer materials which can absorb and hold a large amount of water even under pressure. These materials have been widely used in many fields on account of their excellent properties. The research on cellulose-based superabsorbent is less comparing with starch-based and synthetic polymer superabsorbent. Preparation and properties of hydroxyethyl cellulose-based superabsorbent are studied in the dissertation.1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose - graft - acrylamide superabsorbent (HEC-g-AM) was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization on the conditions of potassium sulfate and sodium bisulfite as initiator, N,N’ -methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinker. The graft polymerization mechanism was discussed. The influence of reaction temperature, the amount of initiator and crosslinker, the ratio of monomer to HEC, and the concentration of sodium hydroxide on the absorbency of the SAP was investigated. The structure and properties were characterized by IR, TA, and XRD. The results were as following: the fitting temperature of polymerization was 50 C, the ratio of AM to HEC was 8:1, the amount of the initiator and crosslinker were 0.06% and 0.9% of the monomer respectively. The distilled water absorbency of the SAP is 1360g/g, and the saline water (0.9% NaCl) absorbency is 115g/g.2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose-graft-acrylamide/SiO2 superabsorbent composite (HEC-g-AM/SiO2) was prepared by sol-in situ polymerization, basing on the technology process of HEC-g-AM superabsorbent. The influence of the amount of silica sol, initiator and crosslinker on the absorbency of the SAP composite was investigated. Water-retain ability, thermal stability and relationship between water-absorption speed and size were studied. The structure and properties were characterized by IR, TA, XRD, SEM. The results indicated that the suitable amount of silica sol is 7% of the monomer; the distilled water absorbency is 1120g/g, and the saline water (0.9% NaCl) absorbency is 105g/g; the amount of crosslinker reduced and the amount of initiator increased comparing with the preparation of HEC-g-AM superabsorbent. Furthermore, the thermalstability improved.3) The swelling properties of HEC-g-AM and HEC-g-AM/SiOa superabsorbent were investigated on the conditions of different saline solution, different pH value and different solvent solution. The results indicated: the water absorbency decreased with the salt concentration, ion value and the solvent concentration increasing; the water absorption ability decreased if pH value is too high or low. The thermodynamic behavior of the hydrogel was analyzed by DSC. The results showed that phase inversion temperature increased with water of the hydrogel increasing,更多还原