跨国公司在华R&D投资及我国对策研究

【作者】 陈英如；

【导师】 林峰；

【作者基本信息】 华侨大学 ， 企业管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的全球化、信息技术的进步和高新技术产业的飞速发展，R&D国际化的战略已日益成为跨国公司获取高额利润和提高企业竞争力的重要手段。在此背景下，自20世纪90年代中期开始，为了构筑在中国市场上的技术竞争优势，跨国公司纷纷利用中国在市场空间与科技人才上的比较优势，逐渐将中国纳入其全球R&D网络中。跨国公司在华R&D热潮已对我国的国家技术创新体系产生了深远的影响。随着中国的入世和投资环境的进一步改善，将会有越来越多的跨国公司在中国设立面向全球市场的R&D机构。跨国公司在华R&D投资对中国实现技术的跨越式发展提供了良好的机遇，但也对技术创新能力较差的中国企业提出了严峻的挑战。本文将国外有关跨国公司R&D直接投资理论与技术创新理论、人力资源管理理论、网络组织理论、组织学习理论、博弈论、产业链理论等相关理论相结合，对跨国公司在华R&D投资情况进行了研究，着重从本土化和全球化角度对跨国公司在华R&D机构的组织管理特点进行了分析，并对政府和企业如何应对跨国公司在华R&D投资带来的机遇和挑战提出了可操作性的建议。全文共分六章，主要内容如下： 第一章：简要介绍了研究背景和意义、国内外研究状况以及本文的研究目标与思路。 第二章：综合国外关于跨国公司R&D国际化的理论研究，对跨国公司R&D国际化的情况作了简要的介绍，对跨国公司从事R&D国际化的外在原因和内在原因进行了分析，归纳了跨国公司R&D国际化的特征。 第三章：综合国内关于跨国公司在华R&D投资的理论研究，对跨国公司在华R&D投资的情况作了简要的介绍，归纳了跨国公司在华R&D投资的特点，探讨了跨国公司在华从事R&D投资的外部动因和内部动因，对跨国公司在华R&D投资在行业及区域分布上的特点及原因进行了说明，分析了跨国公司在华R&D投资对中国技术发展的积极影响和消极影响。 第四章：这章是本文的重点与创新之处。在归纳了跨国公司在华R&D投资形式的基础上，首次从本土化和全球化的角度对跨国公司在华独资R&D机构的组织管理特点进行了详细的分析，并通过摩托罗拉公司在中国的R&D投资为案例对上述内容进行了事实上的论证。 第五章：这章是本文的重点与创新之处。提出了我国政府和高科技企业应对跨国公司在华R&D投资战略的对策和建议。我国政府一方面应针对跨国公司在华R&D投资遇到的问题，不断优化我国R&D投资的基础环境和政策环境，以推动跨国公司在华R&D投资活动的不断升级；另一方面应针对我国高科技企业R&D能力低下的现状，不断推动企业R&D活动的开展。我国高科技企业一方面应在与跨国公司的竞争与合作中，努力学习跨国公司在华R&D投资的经验；另一方面应在独立自主的基础上，充分利用外部R&D资源，积极提升自身的R&D水平。 第六章：总结本文的可取之处与不足之处，展望未来进一步的工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the globalization of the economy, progress in information technology, and the rapid development of new high-tech industries, R&D internationalization has become an important way for Multinational Corporations (MNCs) to gain enormous profits and improve their competitive power. Ever since the mid-1990’s, MNCs have made full use of comparative advantages within China in both market space and technology talent and have gradually involved the nation in their global R&D networks in order to gain competitive technological advantages in China. The trend of MNCs to invest in R&D in China has affected China’s national technology innovation deeply. With China’s entry into the WTO and improvements in the investment environment, there will be more and more MNCs that will establish R&D institutes to serve the global market in China. MNCs’ R&D investment in China offers a good opportunity for China to make great leaps in its technological development. However, R&D investment also brings profound challenges to Chinese enterprises which are poor at technology innovation. This thesis examines foreign theories on MNCs’ R&D investment, technology innovation, human resources management, network organization, organizational study, game theory, and industrial chain theory. To do this thesis, I have carried out research into MNCs’ R&D investment in China, placing emphasis on analyzing management characteristics of MNCs’ R&D institutes in China from the perspectives of localization and globalization. Further, I have developed practical suggestions for the Chinese government and enterprises on how to meet the opportunities and challenges which were brought about by MNCs’ R&D investment in China. This thesis consists of six chapters and the main ideas of these chapters are as follows:In Chapter One, there is an introduction to the background and meaning of this research, both foreign and domestic research achievements, my research goal, and an outline.In Chapter Two, I combine analysis of outside and internal reasons for and characteristics of MNCs’ R&D globalization.In Chapter Three, I combine domestic relative theories to analysis of outside and internal reasons and characteristics of MNCs’ R&D investment in China. Moreover, I explain the features and reasons for R&D in specific industries and areas and analyze the positive and negative impacts of MNCs’ R&D investment on China’s technology development.In Chapter Four, I discuss the management characteristics of MNCs’ R&D institutes in China from the perspectives of localization and globalization. In addition, I provide a relative case-analysis of Motorola’s R&D investment in China.In Chapter Five, I make some practical suggestions for the Chinese government and high-tech enterprises on how to deal with the issues that arise from MNCs R&D investment in China. For the government, it should try to attract more MNC’s R&D investment and upgrade domestic enterprises’ R&D activities. For enterprises, they should learn from MNCs’ practical experiences and enhance their own R&D level through competition.In Chapter Six, there is a summary of the innovations and some drawbacks更多还原