【作者】 谢仁贵；

【导师】 刘茂松；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 产业经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 市场经济实质上是法治与德治相统一的经济。正式制度的确立是市场经济的必要选择和前提条件，但现实经济生活中仅有正式制度是不够的，国家的法制也有其不可避免的缺陷，即难以适应市场经济的多样性、无法完全容纳市场利益主体要求的多样性和利益结果的复杂性，仅靠法制还难以形成人们之间的社会合作力。在这种情况下，非正式制度安排就成为一种必然的选择。在现实的经济生活中，道德约束的力量是十分必要和十分重要的。诚信是道德约束的核心。本文将从新制度经济学角度谈作为非正式约束的诚信问题和中国传统道德文化问题。本文分为五大部分： 引言。提出研究问题。 第一部分。几个重要概念的界定及国内外理论综述。(一)、对文章的主要概念做出界定和说明：1、制度 2、正式约束和非正式约束 3、新制度经济学 4、中国传统文化 (二)、国内外理论综述 第二部分。作为非正式约束的特别视角分析：诚信的经济学意义上的分析。首先，我们可用信誉收益曲线分析我国当前的社会信用状况，说明我国市场主体缺乏维护信誉的积极性，信誉机制陷入贬值的恶性循环是造成中国目前信用环境恶劣的主要原因之一。然后本文将通过两个博弈模型：一次博弈与重复博弈，分别说明市场中交易主体未来交易预期的不同所导致的诚信机制作用效果的不同，并在此基础上进一步分析说明保障诚信机制发挥作用的条件及制度因素。 第三部分。作为非正式约束的一般视角分析：中国传统文化的双重作用。积极作用：1、中国传统文化十分强调道德价值对于社会经济生活的指导作用。这种价值观念显然能够净化社会风气、大大降低市场交易成本。2、自强不息、刚健有为的精神 3、贵和持中的价值取向 4、人为邦本的管理思想 5、正已正人、德主刑辅的管理手段6、以道制欲、强调节俭，群体趋向的务实精神。消极作用：1、中国伦理—政治型文化范式的架构衍生出的价值取向在现代市场经济条件下发生作用必然导致现实的制度安排不合理，不能充分调动个体积极性。2、重义轻利的价值观与市场经济要求存在冲突，是发展社会主义市场经济的首要思想阻碍因素。3、崇尚道德理性而忽视科学理性使市场经济的发展缺乏充分的科技意识和科技要求的支撑。4、德治传统的盛行和法治传统的缺失，使人们的法制意识淡漠，发展市场经济所必须坚持的法制原则难以落到实处。5、平均主义的分配观念，对市场经济条件的多元分配方式形成挑战，从而挫伤人们的积极性，有碍市场经济效率的实现。6、重人伦、集体主义的背后是市场经济主体缺乏主体能动性。 第四部分。中国传统文化的创造性转换。1、诚信的创造性转换。市场经济条件下的诚信必须具备“平等意识”、“自主人格”、“虔诚态度”和“责任能力”四方面的基本素质要求。2、中国传统文化中的天人合一、家国同构、重信尊义、重义轻利、贵和持中、人为邦本、以道制欲等也有其消极作用，在现代市场经济条件下有必要对此进行创造性转换;《周易》思想通过创造性转换可以作用于现代社会经济管理; 《三国演义》的计谋通过创造性转换后可以演绎为现代企业管理的激励理论。 第五部分。结论。市场经济与诚信的关系很密切，两者相辅相成、相得益彰。法律和诚信是维持市场有序运行的两块基石。事实上，与法律相比，诚信是一种成本更低的机制。产权是诚信的基础。中国要有良好的市场秩序，必须从根本上改变产权制度。在建立信用体系中，减少政府对经济的管制，规范政府行为，政府应切实起到推动、规范、监督、服务的作用，从而建立我国完备的信用体系。我们应该深挖和高扬中国传统文化中的尊义重信的优秀因子。只有将这些优秀因子变成广大公民的普遍接受和烙守遵循的价值观念，才能促使我国的市场经济更健康地发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Market economy is essentially the economy of unity of ruling by law and ruling by virtue. The establishment of formal institutions is the necessary choice and prerequisite condition of market economy. But in read economic life it is not enough to have formal institutions and nation’s legal system has also its unavoidable defects, that is, it is hard to adapt to the multiplicity of market economy, it can not have a capacity of the multiplicity of the market benefit as the main part demands and the complexity of benefit results completely. It is difficult to form social cooperating force between people depending on only law system. Under these circumstances, the arrangement of informal institutions becomes a kind of inevitable choice. In real economic life, virtue constraints are quite necessary and important. Creditability is the core of virtue constraints. This paper will discuss the creditability as informal constraints and Chinese traditional virtue cultures from the perspective of the new institutional economics. The whole thesis consists of five chapters:The introduction raises points of study.Chapter One: The definitions of several important concepts and review of theories both at home and abroad.( I ) The definition and explanation of the main concept of this thesis: 1.institution 2.formal constraints and informal constraints 3.the new institutional economics 4.Chinese traditional culture(II )Review of theories both at home and abroad Chapter Two: Positive analysis from the point of view of economics as informal constraints of creditability. Firstly we analyze the present social credit situation of our country by using creditability revenue curve; explain that our market main body lack the enthusiasm for safeguarding creditability; the vicious circle that creditability mechanism falls into reasons that causes China’s present terrible credit environment. Then we will respectively expound that in market the different of transaction main body’s future transaction expectation will result in the difference ofcreditability mechanism’s efficacy by two game models : i. e one -time game and repeated game . On the basis of above points we farther analyze the conditions and system factors that ensure creditability mechanism playing roles.Chapter Three: The double function of informal constraints.Positive function: 1.Chinese traditional culture emphasizes virtue value has a guiding function on social economic life. This value idea can obviously purify the mood of society and reduce market transaction costs greatly. 2.The spirit of constantly striving to become stronger and energetic. 3.The value tendency characterized by peace and neutrality. 4.The managing thought characterised by the idea that human orientation. 5.The managing means characterized by the idea that is strict with oneself as well as others and virtue is the major and penalty is subsidiary to it. 6.The spirit dealing with concrete matters relating to work has the following features; restricting lust by virtues; emphasizing thrift and a tendency of groups.Negative Functions: 1. The value tendency produced from the framework of Chinese ethics -politics culture paradigm function under the condition of modern market economy will inevitably lead to unreasonable system arrangement and is unable to arousing the enthusiasm of individuals fully. 2.The conflict between the value notion considering duty important and paying little attention to benefit and the demands of market economy is the main thinking obstacle factor in developing socialist market economy. 3.Advocating virtues and neglecting science results in the development of market economy lacking the support of full scientific and technology consciousness and demands. 4.The prevailing of rule by virtue tradition and the lack of rule by law tradition makes people’s senses of laws getting blunted. Therefore, it is hard to carry out the legal principles that we must persist in developing market economy. 5.The distribution notion of equalitarianism challenges the multiple distribution pat更多还原