【作者】 李小平；

【导师】 陈锦屏；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 食品科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 红枣(Zizyphus Jujuba Mill)又名中华大枣、大枣、华枣，是鼠李科枣属植物枣树的果实。枣树原产我国，栽培历史悠久，距今已有3000年的历史。我国枣树资源极为丰富，全国栽培面积67万公顷(1000万亩)，红枣年产78万多吨，占世界总产量的90％以上。红枣富含糖类、纤维素、维生素、氨基酸、蛋白质、矿物质等营养成分，特别是含有多糖、芦丁、环磷酸腺苷(C-AMP)等活性成分，这些成份使红枣具有多种生物保健功能。 本试验以佳县油枣为原料，研究了热水提取法、酶提取法及超声提取法对红枣多糖提取的效果；研究了所得红枣多糖粗品的沉淀工艺、脱蛋白方法及其组分；并对红枣多糖粗品对小鼠体内抗氧化作用及血脂水平的调节作用进行了生物功能探讨。 随着人民生活水平的提高和保健意识的增强，人们在选择食品上愈来愈注重营养、安全、卫生并富有功能性。因此，研究红枣多糖的提取工艺，并对其生物功能进行探讨，对开发红枣功能食品及红枣产业的持续发展均具重要意义。 研究结果表明： 1．热水提取红枣多糖的最佳工艺参数为温度100℃，料液比1：15，浸提时间6h，提取2次，红枣多糖的提取率为3.76％。 2．酶法提取红枣多糖的最适合酶为纤维素酶，纤维素酶提取红枣多糖的最佳工艺参数为酶作用pH4.5，温度60℃，酶用量0.02％，时间2h，红枣多糖的提取率为3.91％。 3．超声提取红枣多糖的最佳工艺参数为超声功率12w／cm~2，时间10min，红枣多糖的提取率为3.05％。 4．红枣多糖的沉淀工艺为：浸提液浓缩4倍，加入4倍体积的乙醇，使最终乙醇浓度达80％。 5．Sevag法是红枣多糖脱蛋白的最佳方法，但需脱除7次方可脱尽游离蛋白质。 6．采用DEAE—纤维素离子交换柱层析法对红枣多糖进行组分分析，可得到五种多糖组分。 7．红枣多糖粗品能提高小鼠血液、肝脏及脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和小鼠血液、肝脏中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性；降低小鼠血液、肝脏及脑组织丙二醛(MDA)含量，表明红枣多糖粗品体内具有抗氧化作用，其作用大小与多糖粗品剂量呈正相关。 8.红枣多糖粗品能抑制高脂饲料所致小鼠血清甘油三醋(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和l动脉硬化指数(Al)的升高，抑制高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL一C)的降低，表明红枣多糖粗品能抑制高脂饲料所致小鼠血脂的升高，具有降血脂作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zizyphus Jujuba Mill belongs to Zizithus Mill of Rhamnaceae .China is the earliest country which cultivates Jujuba tree in the world. Jujuba Mill has a high nutritional value, which contains sugar, cellulose, vitamin, amino acid, protein, minerals, polysaccharide, rutin, cyclic adenylie acid (C-AMP) etc. nutritious components that make Jujuba Mill have all kinds of function.In this paper the technology of extracting polysaccharide from Jujube Mill, precipitation conditions, method to remove protein, and separation with the column of DEAE-cellulose have been studied. And the function of polysaccharide from Jujuba Mill has been evaluated.With the improvement of living standard and rise of health consciousness, the safety, nutrition, hygiene and function properties of food are more and more emphasized. So it is necessary to study the technology of extracting effective ingredient from Jujube Mill and evaluate its function.The test results showed that:1. The optimum conditions of extracting polysaccharide from jujube Mill with the water as following: adding water volume is 15 times as much as that of sample, extracting 6h at 100℃, for two times. The extracting rate was 3.76%.2. The suitable enzyme with extraction by enzymatic technique is cellulose. The optimum conditions are pH 4.5, with 0.02% the enzyme amount, extracting 2h at 60℃, and can acquire polysaccharide 3.91 gram from 100 gram jujube Mill.3. The optimum extracting condition in ultrasonic field is power 12w/cm2, 10 min. The extracting rate was 3.05 %.4. The optimum precipitation conditions ware obtained as follows: The extracting liquid contracted 4 times, adding 4 times volume ethanol and making the final concentration of alcohol 80%.5. The optimum method to remove protein from polysaccharide from Jujube Mill is sevag and must remove protein 7 times.6. Using DEAE-Cellulose to separate the polysaccharides from jujube Mill, five content has been acquired.7. The polysaccharides from jujube Mill can raise the activities of SOD, CAT, and decrease the amount of MDA in blood, liver and brain of rat.8. The polysaccharides from jujube date can restrain the rising of total cholesterol (TG) and triglyceride (TG) in the rat serum, and restrain the declining of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).更多还原