【作者】 刘静；

【导师】 杨建雄；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文综述了连翘的形态特征及地理分布，以及连翘的化学成分和药理作用，探讨了连翘叶的药用价值与开发前景，研究了连翘叶茶的保肝、抗油脂氧化、抗衰老、增强免疫及抗应激作用。 连翘是木犀科连翘属植物，落叶灌木，高2～4米，枝开展，叶对生，有长柄，花先叶开放，黄色，蒴果尖卵形，种子多数。连翘主要分布于河北、山西、陕西、山东、河南等省。连翘属植物主要含有萜类、苯乙醇及其甙类、木脂素类、黄酮类、一些醇、酯、醚、醛、酮等类化合物以及铜、锌、铁、锰等微量元素。 连翘为中医常用的清热解毒药，近年来随着对连翘及其同属植物化学成分分析的增多，对连翘药理作用的报道也随之增多。连翘具有抗菌、抗病毒、强心利尿、保肝降压、镇吐镇痛、抗糖尿病、抗流感病毒等作用。民间调查显示连翘叶有消除便秘、预防感冒、降血脂、降血压等作用。除此之外，连翘还可用于食品保鲜、清除异味、水土保持等作用。 连翘传统以果实入药，综合近年来对连翘属植物的研究结果得知，同属植物的叶子与果实的化学成分有很好的一致性，并且连翘叶中有效成分如连翘甙、连翘酯素、齐墩果酸等在叶中的含量高于果实。为了开发利用这一天然资源，本实验拟对连翘叶的药理作用进行实验研究，确认其疗效，为连翘资源的综合开发利用提供科学依据。 在连翘叶茶对肝损伤的保护作用的实验研究中，采用给小鼠腹腔注射四氯化碳制作肝脏损伤模型，通过测定小鼠血清中ALT、AST、CHE、TBIL、TP、GSH和肝脏中SOD、MDA、CHE、ALB、ALT、GSH等指标，评价连翘叶茶对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝脏损伤的保护作用。在研究连翘叶茶抗油脂氧化的实验中，以猪油为实验对象，测定加入不同剂量连翘叶茶提取物后，在烘箱中高温保存的猪油酸价和过氧化值的变化，确认连翘叶茶对油脂的抗氧化作用。在连翘叶茶抗衰老实验的研究中，以7月龄自然衰老的小鼠为实验对象，以1月龄的小鼠为少龄对照组，通过测定小鼠红细胞MDA、SOD、POD，心脏MDA、POD、SOD，脑组织LF、MDA、SOD、MAO-B，肝脏SOD、MDA、HYP、MAO-B，线粒体SOD、MDA、MAO-B和小鼠的肝指数、心系数、脾指数和胸腺指数等指标来评价连翘叶茶的抗衰老作用。通过测定了小鼠的碳粒吞噬能力、迟发性超敏反应和在常压缺氧条件下小鼠的存活时间等指标来评价连翘叶茶对非特异性免疫及应激反应的影响。 结果显示: 1.连翘叶茶可降低肝损伤小鼠血清和肝脏ALT、AST的不正常升高，提高SOD、CHE的活性，增加GSH、TP、ALB的含量，减少MDA的生成，调节TBIL的代谢，表明连翘叶茶在清除自由基、改善肝脏的代谢等方面有一定的作用，提示连翘叶茶对四氯化碳所致肝损伤有一定的保护作用。 2.连翘叶茶可延缓高温强化保存的油脂酸价和过氧化值的升高，效果不如阳性对照组明显，但连翘叶茶作为天然抗氧化剂添加在食用油和油脂食品中可解除人民的不安心理。 3.连翘叶茶可提高高龄给药组小鼠各脏器POD、SOD的活力，减少LF、MDA的生成，降低MAO一B的活性，增加HYP的含量，提高给药组小鼠的肝指数、心系数、脾指数、胸腺指数，表明连翘叶茶具有延缓衰老的作用。 4.连翘叶茶可提高小鼠吞噬碳粒的能力，吞噬指数和吞噬百分率增加，减轻小鼠迟发超敏反应时两耳重量之差，说明连翘叶茶可调节小鼠非特异性免疫功能。 5.连翘叶茶可延长小鼠在常压缺氧条件下的存活时间，表明连翘叶茶具有一定的抗应激能力。 以上研究证明连翘叶茶确实有保护肝脏、抗油脂氧化、抗衰老、调节免疫功能和增强抗应激能力。我国连翘资源丰富，传统连翘以果实入药，连翘叶作为废料除去。本实验可以为连翘叶药用价值、保健价值的开发利用提供一定的理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper introduced the morphological character, geographic distribution, chemical constitutes, pharmaceutical function, officinal importance and exploldering forground of Forsythia Suspens . It also studied the effect of protecting liver, the oil anti-oxidative, the anti-senile, the anti-stress activity and enhancing immunological function of Forsythia Suspensa.Forsythia Suspensa vahl. Belongs to Oleaceae’s degoliate shrub. It is 2~4 meters high. Its branch is unfold and the flower is yellow. Its fruits are tip and egg-shaped. Forsythia Suspensa mainly grows in Hebei province, Shanxi province, Shaanxi province, Shandong province, Henan province and so on. It mainly contains terpenes, phenylethanol, flavonoid, lignan, alcohol, ester, aldehude, ketone, volatice oil and so forth. It also contains abundant trace elements which are necessary to body, such as Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and so on.Forsythia Suspensa is a traditional Chinese drug in China. Recent years the reports about pharmaceutical functions of Forsythia Suspensa increased as more people analysed chemical constitutes of Forsythia Suspensa. Its funtions are extensive, such as antiviral activity, antibacterial action, cardiotonic action, diuresis, protecting liver, decreasing blood pressure and so on. The popular investigation shows Forsythia Suspensa leaves have the effects of eliminating constipation, preventive popular cold, reducing blood lipid and so on. In addtion, Forsythia Suspensa can be used for keeping food fresh, eliminating unpleasant odor, preserving the earth.Traditionally the fruits of Forsythia Suspensa is regarded as a crude Chinese drug, but we can get to the conclution that the chemical constitutes of Forsythia Suspensa in leavers are the same as in fruits according to the recently analytic results about chemical constitutes of Forsythia Suspense, and the content of effective compositions, such as forsythin forsythigenol, oleanolid acid and so on, in leaves is higher than in fruits. In order to develepe and apply this natural source, the experiment trys to study pharmacological actions of Forsythia Suspensa leave tea confirm the functions, andsupply evidence for its source development and application.In protecting liver experiment, mice were injected with CCl4 to established liver induced model, ALT, AST, CHE, TBIL, TP, GSH in serum and SOD, MDA, CHE, ALB, MDA,GSH in liver were measured to confirm the ability of protecting liver of Forsythia Suspensa leaves tea. In the experiment of oil antio-xidation, lard oil with different concentrations Forsythia Suspensa leaves tea ertraction should be stored in 60 癈 oven, the antioxidant activity of Forsythia Suspensa leaves tea in lard oil was studied by using peroxide value and acid value. On study of anti-senile activity of Forsythia Suspensa leaves tea, animal model of aging was made in mice by natural aging. In order to comfirm the anti-senile activity of Forsythia Suspensa leaves tea, MDA, SOD, POD, in red blood cell, heart, LF, MDA, SOD, MAO-B in brain SOD, MDA, HYP, MAO-B in liver, SOD, MDA, MAO-B in mitochondiria and liver index, thymus index, spleen index, heart index were measured. The phagocytic function of macrophage and delayed hypersensitivity were researched to show weather Forsythia Suspensa leaves tea can enhance the immune function of mice. The anti-stress activity of Forsythia Suspensa leaves tea was studied by the survival time under the conditions of normotensive hypoxiaof mice.The results of experiments show:1. Forsythia Suspensa leaves tea can inhibit obviously the abnormal increase of ALT, AST in serum and liver, enhance SOD, CHE activity in serum and liver, increase GSH, TP, ALB content, decrease MDA formation, adjust TBIL metabolism.The results show that Forsythia Suspensa leaves tea can eliminate free radical and improve the metabolism of liver, which indicates Forsythia Suspensa leaves tea can protect injured liver.2. Forsythia Suspensa leaves tea can be used for an antioxidant, though the effect of Forsythia Suspensa leaves tea is worse than composite antioxida更多还原