【作者】 侯改霞；

【导师】 杨建雄；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文综述了连翘的形态特征及地理分布，以及连翘的有效成分分析和其药理作用，探讨了连翘的药用价值和开发前景。研究了FSE（连翘叶提取物）的降血脂作用，以及FSE对机体运动能力的促进作用。 连翘是木犀科连翘属植物，落叶灌木，传统以果实入药。8～9月间采摘近成熟果实，蒸后晒干，称为“青翘”。10月间打落成熟果实，过筛除去种子及杂质后晒干，称为“老翘”。连翘在国内主要分布于山西、陕西、河北、河南、甘肃、安徽、湖北、四川、云南等地，以山西连翘为地道药材。 自Murakami首次从连翘果实中得到齐墩果酸以来，连翘及其同属植物中已有百十余种成分见诸报道，其主要含萜类、苯乙醇及其甙类、木脂素类、黄酮类和一些醇、酯、醚、酮等类化合物，其中连翘甙、连翘脂素、齐墩果酸、芦丁、木脂素为其作用的主要有效成分。连翘在民间用药历史悠久，作用广泛，为常用的清热解毒药。具有抗菌、抗病毒、强心利尿、保肝降压、镇吐镇痛等作用。 民间调查显示：连翘叶有消除便秘、预防感冒、降血脂、降血压等作用。国内已有相关单位对连翘叶的化学成份进行了初步的分析，并利用连翘叶制成珠茶作为滋补调理饮料应用，是一种极具开发前景的保健饮品。研究表明，连翘叶中连翘甙含量远高于连翘果实，其余成分如连翘脂素、齐墩果酸等在叶中含量也高于果实，对连翘叶微量元素分析结果显示，连翘叶还含有丰富的Mg、Zn、Se等人体必需元素。我们前期研究工作发现，FSE具有显著的体内、体外抗氧化作用和保肝作用。本实验通过建立小鼠高脂血症模型和力竭游泳运动模型，研究FSE的降血脂和抗疲劳作用，为连翘资源的综合开发利用提供科学依据。 在FSE降血脂作用研究中，采用高脂饲料造成小鼠高脂血症模型，通过测定血清TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C和肝脏TC、SOD、MDA等指标评价FSE的降血脂作用和对肝脏的保护作用；还通过测定心脏SOD、POD、MDA和制作脂肪细胞切片来观察同一视野下脂肪细胞的数目、最大径、最小径等指标研究FSE对高脂血症小鼠心脏和体脂代谢的影响。在FSE抗疲劳作用研究中，采用小鼠力竭游泳运动模型，通过测定血清SOD、ALT、AST、AKP、血糖，红细胞SOD、POD、Hb，肝脏SOD、POD、MDA、肝糖原，股四头肌SOD、POD、MDA、肌糖原，心脏SOD、POD、MDA，脑SOD、POD、MDA等指标来评价FSE促进机体运动机能的作用；并通过聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳对血清、股四头肌、心脏和脑等组织LDH进行分析，来探讨FSE增强机体运动机能的部分机理。 结果显示: 1.FSE可以延缓高脂血症小鼠的体重增长率，使高脂血症小鼠体内脂肪湿重、脂肪系数、同一视野下脂肪细胞数目和脂肪细胞的最大径和最小径减小，可以看出FSE具有减少高脂血症小鼠体内脂肪蓄积，从而可以推测FSE具有一定的减肥作用。 2.FSE可以降低高脂血症小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL一C和升高HDL一C作用，具有很好的调脂功能。其调脂功能的机制和相关成分的确认需要做进一步的研究工作。 3.FSE可以提高高脂血症小鼠心脏SOD、POD活性，肝脏SOD活性，降低组织中MDA的生成，FSE对于高脂血症所引起的体内脂质过氧化加剧有抑制作用，FSE还具有降低高脂血症小鼠肝脏TC含量、预防脂肪肝发生的作用。 4.FSE可以降低由于高脂血症所致的小鼠肝指数、心指数异常升高，并可以升高由于高脂血症所致小鼠脾指数的降低，FSE对高脂血症小鼠肝脏、心脏、脾脏有保护作用，提示FSE可能有增强高脂血症小鼠免疫力的作用，其机制有待于进一步研究。 5.FSE能明显延缓小鼠游泳至力竭的时间，延缓率为22.3%。 6.FSE能提高力竭运动状态下小鼠血清、红细胞、股四头肌、肝脏、心脏和脑等器官或组织SOD、POD等抗氧化酶的活性，降低安静、力竭及恢复状态下MDA的生成，并具有降低力竭和恢复状态下血清ALT、AST、AKP升高的作用，加快机体的恢复。 7.FSE可以提高安静状态下小鼠红细胞Hb含量，这可能与FSE中某种物质可以刺激红细胞Hb合成有关。FSE具有降低力竭运动状态下Hb含量的下降幅度和加快力竭运动后小鼠红细胞内Hb恢复的作用。 8.FsE可防止力竭运动状态下血糖、肌糖原、肝糖原的过度降低，提高机体的运动能力。并可以促进力竭运动后机体血糖、肌糖原、肝糖原的恢复。 9.从血清、股四头肌、心脏、脑LDH电泳分析结果可知，力竭运动状态下，FSE可使LDH总量和LDH4₅含量向促进机体运动机能和保护机体的方向变化，但FSE加快力竭运动后机体恢复的原因仍须进一步研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,the morphological character,geographic distribution,chemi-cal constitutes analysis, pharmaceutical function, officinal importance and empoldering forground of Forsythia Suspensa are summarized, moreover, the effect of reducing blood lipid and the effect of promoting the physical performance of the extracts from Forsythia Suspensa leaves(FSE) are studied.Forsythia Suspensa Vahl.belongs to Oleaceae’s defoliate shrub.Traditionly its fruits are regard as a kind of drug.The approximately mature fruits which are named Qingqiao are picked, and insolated between August and September. The mature fruits which are named Laoqiao are picked,griddled impurity in October. Forsythia Suspensa mainly distributes in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Henan, Gansu, Anhwei, Hubei,Sichuan,Yunnan,et al. The Forsythia Suspensa in Shanxi is mainly medicinal materious.Forsythia Suspensa mainly contains terpenes, phenylethanol, flavonoid, lignan,est-er,alcohol,aldehyde, ketone, volatice oil and so on. Forsythin forsythigenol, oleanolid a-cid, rutinoside, lignan are the main effective compositions among them. Its effects are extensive, such as antiviral activity, antiacterial action, cardiotonicaction, diuresis, protecting liver, decreasing blood pressure and so forth.The folk investigation shows Forsythia Suspensa leaves have the effects of eliminating constipation,preventing common cold, reducing blood lipid and so forth. Some studies showed the content of effective compositions in Forsythia Suspensa leaves is higher than in fruits. Forsythia Suspensa leaves were made into tea as nutritious drink.The results analizing its microelement show that Forsythia Suspensa leaves contain abundant elements which are necessary to body,such as Mg ,Zn, Se. Our study has discovered that FSE has obviously antioxidative effect and protecting liver effect.This experiment’s aim is to study the effects of FSE on hyperlipidemic mice, exhaustive exercise mice, and to offer more scientific theory for the empoldering of Forsythia Suspensa.First, a animal model of hyperlipidemia was made in mice with high level lipid. Blood lipids,fat laying in abdoman,lipid peroxide in heart,TC and lipid peroxide in liver were measured. Then,a animal model of exhaustive exerise was made in mice with swimming. SOD, ALT, AST and Glu in blood serum, SOD, POD, Hb in erthrocyte, SOD,POD,MDA and glycogen in liver, SOD,POD,MDA and glycogen in muscle, SOD,POD and MDA in heart, SOD,POD and MDA in brain were measured. Moreover, the electro-phoresis of LDH in blood serum, muscle, heart and brain was analysed to studied some mechanism of promoting the physical performance. The results of experiments show:1. FSE can retard body weight increasing ratio and reduce fat weight, fat quotiety, the size of fat cells.These show that FSE can prevent fat laying in abdomen and FSE maybe has the function of losing weight.2. FSE can reduce the level of serum TC, TG, LDL-C and raise serum HDL-C level. These show that FSE has good effect of modulating blood lipids. The mechanism and correlative component need further study.3. FSE can raise SOD, POD activity in heart, SOD activity in liver, and can reduce the level of MDA. These show that FSE can inhibit lipid oxidation which induced by hyperlipidemia. Moreover, FSE can reduce the level of TC in liver and prevent fatty liver happening.4. FSE can reduce the abnormal rise of liver index, heart index and raise spleen index of hyperlipidmia. FSE has the effect of protecting liver, heart, spleen of hyperlipidmic mice. These show FSE maybe has the effect of raise immunity and its mechanism need further study.5. FSE can obviously prolong the time of swimming and the ratio is 22.3%.6. FSE can raise SOD,POD activity in blood serum, erythocyte, muscle, liver, heart and brain of exhaustive exercise mice, and reduce the level of MDA at rest, exhaustion, recovery, and reduce the level of AST, ALT, AKP at exhaustion, recovery,and accelerate the recovery of body.7. FSE can raise Hb in erythrocyte at rest, prevent the Hb from excess reducing at更多还原