【作者】 汤文光；

【导师】 邹应斌； 刘海军；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 种植， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究主要针对两系高粱在生产应用过程中受严格的温光条件制约，种子生产需要在特定生态点、特定时期进行，且可能出现育性的不稳定性等问题，采用人工气候室处理、大田试验、同工酶和蛋白质分析等方法，研究了两系高粱不育系的纯化稳定特性；两系高粱不育系育性转换的温光敏感时期；温度对两系高粱不育系育性转换的影响；光周期对两系不育系育性转换的影响以及育性转换的分子机理。主要结果如下： 1．两系高粱不育系“湘糯粱2S”在孕穗至抽穗期控温25℃情况下表现出稳定不育，不育株率和不育度均达100％，利用控温26℃处理后仍表现出不育的植株，砍秆再生，再生植株在28℃以上高温条件下抽穗转为可育，自交繁殖出了纯化稳定的不育系种子，对照“湘糯粱S-1”在控温25℃时即表现为可育。 2．“湘糯粱2S”育性转换的温光敏感时期为花粉母细胞形成至减数分裂期，其外形判断为旗叶叶环高出倒2叶叶环0-8厘米，即抽穗前4-10天(秋季)或3-7天(夏季)。 3．“湘糯粱2S”是一个低温不育、高温可育的温敏型不育系，其育性转换的临界温度为25℃。 4．光周期对“湘糯粱2S”育性转换有一定的促进作用，即在一定温度范围内表现出短日促进不育，长日促进可育，但不存在明显的临界光周期。 5.“湘糯粱2S”在海南三亚生态点进行冬季制种，播种期可安排在9月卜句至11月下旬，控制抽穗期在11月下旬至1月卜句，此时段育性表现稳定，不育株率达100%，不育度达99.8%以上。在湖南凤凰高海拔生态点进行夏季制种，播种期适宜安排在6月_上旬，于8月中下旬抽穗，此时育性表现稳定，不育株率达98.6%，不育度达98.2%。在湖南长沙生态点进行繁殖，播种期适宜安排在4月下旬至5月底，7月中旬至8月中旬抽穗，此时段日平均温度达28℃以上，育性表现为可育或半育。 6.经同工酶和蛋白质电泳分析，“湘糯粱2S”不育材料过氧化物酶活性比可育材料高，不育材料比可育材料多一个92KD的多肤。表明这种不育性可能是一种受光温调节的雄性可育基因表达受到阻碍而使花粉走向败育。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of this experiment was to deal with the problem of fertility unstability in seed production of two-line sorghum. The fertility appearance of the Dual-purpose Genie Male Sterile(GMS) line must meet the requirment for the strict thermo-photoperiod condition during the special growth period. The purification and stable characteristic and the sensitive period of GMS line of sorghum, effect of temperature and photoperiod on it’s fertility transfer and molecule mechanism were studied by using phytotron, field experiment and isoenzyme and protein analysis. The results follow as:1. The GMS line of Xiangnuoliang 2S appeared stable sterile at 25℃ at heading stage, and both of sterile plant rate and abortive pollen rate were 100%.The ratoon plants cut down from sterile plants at 26℃ displayed the fertility alternation plant at 28℃, and breed the purificatory and stable GMS line’s seed. Xiangnuoliang S-1 appeared fertility at 25℃.2. Sensitive period for fertility transfer of the Xiangnuoliang 2S ranged from pollen mother cell differentiation to meiosis, morphylogically the stage when the leaf ring of the flag leaf is 0.8cm higher then that of the second leaf from the bottom, i.e., 4-10 days(in autumn) or 3-7 days(insummer) before heading.3. The critical temperature of fertility transfer of Xiangnuoliang 2S was 25C, and the plant appeared sterile under lower temperature and fertility under higher temperature.4. Photoperiod had certain effect on the fertility transfer of Xiangnuoliang 2S, The day-short was benefical to sterility but day-long to fertility.5. Seeding stage of hybrid seed production in Sanya, Hainan of the Xiangnuoliang 2S in winter was from the third ten days of September to November, heading stage was from the third ten days of November to next January. The fertility of plant appeared stable during this period, the sterile plant rate reached to 100%, the abortive pollen rate reached to 99.8%. Seeding stage of hybrid seed production for high altitude in summer was from the first ten days of June to the second ten days of August in Fenhuang, Hunan. The fertility of plant appeared stable during this period, the sterile plant rate reached over 98.6%, the abortive pollen rate reached over 98.2%. Seeding stage of multipication in Changsha, hunan was from the third ten days of April to May, heading stage was from the second ten days of July to August. Xiangnuoliang 2S was fertility when temperature was over 28C during this period.6. Activity of peroxide enzyme of sterile material of the Xiangnuoliang 2S was higher than that of other fertility material, and the sterile materialincreased 92KD polypeptide through analysising to isoenzyme and protein’s electrophoresis. The results showed that this sterile might be male fertility gene’s expression in thermo-photosensitivity modulatory was set back leading to pollen abortivity.更多还原