【作者】 陈军文；

【导师】 刘强； 荣湘民；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 为筛选最优的饲用稻栽培法，本研究采用田间小区试验探讨了三壮三高栽培法、推荐栽培法、氮高量栽培法、氮低量栽培法、有机无机配比栽培法、常规栽培法六种不同栽培法的施肥方法对饲用稻威优198的蔗糖磷酸化合成酶、蔗糖合成酶、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖(ADPG)焦磷酸化酶、硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和转化酶、蛋白水解酶等碳氮代谢关键酶活性、碳氮代谢相关底物的含量和转运以及对产量和糙米蛋白质含量的影响。所得结果如下： 1．推荐栽培法对水稻功能叶和乳熟期籽粒蔗糖磷酸化合成酶、功能叶蔗糖合成酶、籽粒ADPG焦磷酸化合成酶等碳代谢关键酶活性有显著的增强作用。说明推荐栽培法处理的水稻形成光合产物蔗糖的潜力大，籽粒利用蔗糖合成淀粉的能力强，因而能够提高水稻产量。 2．推荐栽培法与其它几种栽培法相比，能够提高威优198孕穗期功能叶硝酸还原酶、齐穗期功能叶和乳熟期籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶、齐穗期功能叶谷氨酰胺转化酶以及生育后期蛋白水解酶等氮代谢关键酶的活性。说明推荐栽培法处理的水稻对氮素同化的速度快，叶片中蛋白质降解的程度大，能向籽粒合成蛋白质提供充足的氮源，因而具有提高糙米蛋白质含量的物质基础。 3．推荐栽培法能够延迟叶片的衰老和延长叶片的光合功能期，推荐栽培法处理的水稻功能叶蔗糖含量较高，在灌浆中、前期向籽粒转运蔗糖的能力较强，籽粒中合成淀粉的底物充足。试验结果表明，推荐栽培法、有机无机配比栽培法、氮低量栽培法、氮高量栽培法、三壮三高栽培法与常规栽培法相比，增产率分别为38.99％、34.99％、33.33％、29.63％、3.70％。 4．推荐栽培法处理的水稻功能叶氮含量高，氮的转移能力强。分蘖期到黄熟期功能叶氮含量的减少量依次为推荐栽培法(23.03g/kg)、氮高量栽培法(22.24g/kg)、有机无机配比栽培法(19.72g/kg)、三壮三高栽培法(16.34g/kg)、氮低量栽培法(14.01g/kg)、常规栽培法(13.09g/kg)。推荐栽培法处理水稻的糙米全氮和蛋白氮含量都高于其它栽培法处理水稻的糙米全氮和蛋白氮含量更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of six kinds of different cultivations off method of application (three-strong and three-high cultivation, recommended cultivation, high nitrogen cultivation, low nitrogen cultivation, organic -inorganic mixed cultivation, conventional cultivation) on activities of several key enzymes of carbon-nitrogen metabolism (such as sucrose synthase^ucrose phosphate synthase,ADPG-ppase, nitrate reductase, glutamine synthase,glutamine transferase,protease and so on.), content and transport of substrate of carbon-nitrogen metabolism,rice yield and protein content of brown rice of "weiyou 198" were investigated in this paper to screen optimum cultivation of fodder rice. Results were shown as follows:1. The recommended cultivation could enhance the activities of several key enzymes of carbon metabolism such as sucrose phosphate synthase of functional leaves and grain in milk stage,sucrose synthase of functional leaves,ADPG-ppase of grain and so on. Which further studies showed that the rice treated with the recommended cultivation, the potential of synthesizing sucrose was very higher, the power of using sucrose to synthesis starch was very more intense, therefore the yield rice was uplifted.2. As compared with other cultivations, the recommended cultivation could obviously promote activities of nitrate reductase of functional leaves in panic stage,glutamine synthase of functional leaves in full-heading stage and grain in milk stage,glutamine transferase of functional leaves in full-heading stage,protease of functional leaves in post-growth stage, which of enzymes are key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism. It demonstrated that assimilation of nitrogen was very more rapid, degradation of protein in functional leaves was very more intense, nitrogen source in grain was enough to synthesis protein, therefore the content of protein in brown rice was markedly uplifted in rice oftreatment of the recommended cultivation.3. The recommended cultivation could delay the senescent of leaves, increase the functional period of photosynthesis, the content of sucrose of treatment of the recommended cultivation in functional leaves was higher, and the amounts of transport of sucrose from leaves to grain took the first place in the process of grain maturity. Sucrose in grain was enough to synthesis starch. Compared with treatment of conventional cultivation, the yield of rice treated with the recommended cultivation, the organic-inorganic mixed cultivation, the low nitrogen cultivation, the high nitrogen cultivation, three-strong and three-high cultivation respectively increased by 38.99%,34.99%,33.33%,29.63%,3.70%.4. The content of total N in functional leaves of treatment of the recommended cultivation was higher, and the power of transport of total N was more intense. The reductive amounts of total N in functional leaves from tillering stage to mature stage were shown as follows: the recommended cultivation (23.03g/kg),high nitrogen cultivation (22.24g/kg),Organic-inorganic mixed cultivation (19.72g/kg),three -strong and three-high cultivation (16.34g/kg),low nitrogen cultivation (14.01 g/kg),Conventional cultivation (13.09g/kg). Moreover the content of total N and protein N in brown rice of treatment of the recommended cultivation are higher than those of treatment of other cultivations.更多还原