【作者】 李瑞莲；

【导师】 陈金湘；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 以转基因抗虫杂交棉农杂62F₁、农杂62F₂、农杂62F₃、H16F₁、H16F₂、H16F₃、H64F₁、H64F₂、H64F₃和对照常规棉品种泗棉三号为材料，比较研究杂交棉F₁、F₂、F₃的杂种优势。主要结果如下： 1．杂交棉F₁的生育期和生长发育速度与F₂、F₃基本一致，株高、果枝数和成铃数总的趋势是F_＞F₂＞F₃＞CK。F₁的株高和果枝数与相应的F₂、F₃无显著差异，而结铃数F₁与F₂、F₃差异显著，单株平均结铃数F₁为33.7个，F₂为31.2个，F₃为30.6个，F₁比F₂、F₃分别多2.5个和3.1个。F₂的伏前桃和伏桃的比率高于F₂、F₃（66.07％／61.69％／61.54％），F₂比F₁下降4.38％，与F₃相当。霜前花比率总的趋势是F₁＞F₂＞CK＞F₃，农杂62F₁的霜前花率最高69.09％，F₁的平均霜前花比率为66.06％，比对照高4.75％，F₂的平均霜前花比率为62.37％，高于对照1.06％，F₃的平均霜前花比率为60.07％，低于对照1.24％，F₁的霜前花率比F₂、F₃分别高3.63％和6％。 2．杂种不同世代生理方面研究表明，不同时期，杂种叶片叶绿素含量前期多，后期少，杂种叶片氮代谢前期强，后期弱，呈递减的趋势，不同世代组合子棉产量的多少与结铃期光合物质积累趋势一致；同一时期，叶绿素含量、氮代谢总的趋势是F₁＞F₂＞F₃＞CK，开花初期F₁叶绿素a比F₂、F₃、CK分别高0.33μg／ml、0.77μg／ml和1.44μg／ml，F₁叶绿素b比F₂、F₃、CK分别高0.70μg／ml、0.75μg／ml，和1.83μg／ml。吐絮初期F₁叶绿素a比F₂、F₃、CK分别高0.99μg／ml、1.01μg／ml和1.44μg／ml，F₁叶绿素b比F₂、F₃、CK分别高0.46μg／ml、0.75μg／ml和1.43μg／ml。开花初期叶片中全氮F₁比F₂、F₃、CK分别高0.13％、0.20％和0.28％，而吐絮期F₁与F₂、F₃、CK差异不显著。 3．F₂、F₃棉株的抗性存在明显的分离，经卡那霉素检验，F₁全部表现为抗虫，F₂、F₃分离出20％左右的非抗虫个体。大田调查棉株顶尖被害率和蕾铃被害率表明，F₂前期的抗性与F₁差不多，但后期抗性差，顶尖被害率和蕾铃被害率明显上升，蕾铃脱落率增加（6.21％／13.05％／17.91％），F₂比F₁蕾铃脱落率提高7％，F3比F₁蕾铃脱落率提高11.70％，F₃比F₂蕾铃脱落率提高4.86％，但与对照29.63%相比，F;减少蕾铃脱落23.42%，FZ减少蕾铃脱落16.58%，F3减少蕾铃脱落n.72%，说明种植抗虫杂交棉比种植非抗虫棉增产。 4.杂种后代的产量分析表明，F:的平均皮棉产量为1296.3okg爪mZ，比对照增产252.45 kg飞mZ，平均竞争优势为27.56%。F:的平均皮棉产量为116s.6skg/hmZ，比对照增产154.80kg小mZ，平均竞争优势为1527%。F3的平均皮棉产量为川7.65kgz腼2，比对照增产103，50 kg爪mZ，平均竞争优势为10.240，0。F·、竞争优势大的，凡、F3的竞争优势也大，FZ、凡的衰退率也是成比例的，F:的平均优势衰退率为12.59%，F3的平均优势衰退率为17.62%，在试验材料中，农杂62的产量最高，竞争优势大，H16的产量最低，竞争优势小，而衰退率最大的是农杂62 FZ和F3，衰退率最小的是H16F:和F3。在产量构成主要因素中，成铃数对产量的贡献最大，平均贡献率为28.52%，其次是铃重为2.36%，衣分的贡献率很小，只有0.20%，Fl成铃数的贡献率为29.08%，FZ成铃数的贡献率为30.00%，F3成铃数的贡献率为30.08%，表明杂种的结铃优势强。 5.杂种后代的纤维品质分析表明，F:、FZ、F3检测的5项纤维品质的总体平均数差异不显著，但FZ、F3个体之间差异较大。Fl的纤维比强度高于FZ、F3，FZ、F3麦克隆值偏粗，平均纤维整齐度F:比Fl好。变异系数最大的是麦克隆值，为8.82%，接近纤维长度的3倍，其次是比强度、伸长率，变异系数最小的是整齐度。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, the transgenic anti-insect hybrid cottons varieties (including Nong Za-62F1, Nong Za-62F2, Nong Za-62 F3, H16F1, H16F2, H16F3, H64F1, H64F2, H64F3) and non-transgenic cotton (No.SiMian3) that is the check variety were investigated to compare F1, F2, and F3. The main results were as following:1. The developmental period and rate of hybrid cottons in FI were similar to that of in F2 and F3. Generally the tendency of plant height, the number of fruit branches and setting bolls were F1> F2> F3>CK. There were no significant difference on plant height and number of fruit branch between F1 and its offspring F2 and F3, but there were significant differences on total of mature bolls between F1 and its offspring F2 and F3. Mean of bolls per plant in F1, F2, F3 was 33.7, 31.2 , and 30.6, respectively. F1 had more 2.5, 3.1 bolls compared with F2, F3, respectively. The percentage of pre-hot summer bolls and hot summer bolls in FI was higher than that in F2 and F3, The percentage of pre-hot summer bolls and hot summer bolls in F1, F2, F3 were 66.07%, 61.69% and 61.54 %, respectively. The percentage in F2 was less 4.38% than that in F, and was similar to that in F3. The general tendency of the percentage of number flowers before frost stage to the total flowers was F1> F2 >CK> F3. The highest percentage of Nong Za-62F1 was 69.09%. The mean of percentage of F1, F2 and F3 were 66.06%, 62.37%, and 60.07%, respectively. The percentage of F1 was higher 4.75% than CK.2. Physiological researching in different generations of hybrid cotton showed that: (1) the chlorophyll content in leaves varied with time, and was higher at early growing stage and was lower at late growing stage. The nitrogen metabolize in leaves at early stage was stronger than that at late stage. The nitrogen metabolize decreased with passing time; (2) the yields in different generation was accordance with photosynthesis accumulation at boiling stage. The general tendency of chlorophyll content and nitrogen metabolize was F1> F2> F3>CK at the same stage. The chlorophyll a content of F1 had more 0.33μg/mK 0.77μg/ml and 1.44μg/ml compared with F2, F3,CK , respectively at primary blossom phase. The chlorophyll b content of FI had more 0.70(0, g/ml> 0.75μg/ml> and 1.83μ g/ml compared with F2, F3,CK, respectively at primary blossom phase. The chlorophyll a content of FI had more 0.99μg/mK 1 01μ g/ml and 1.44μg/ml compared with F2, F3,CK, respectively at primary opening boll. The chlorophyll b content of FI had more 0.46μg/mK 0.75μg/ml and 1.43μg/ml compared with F2, F3,CK , respectively at primary opening boll. The nitrogen content of F1 in leaves was higher 0.13%, 0.20% and 0.28% compared with F2, F3,CK, respectively at primary blossom phase, but there were no significant difference at primary opening boll.3. The resistance to insect in F2, F3 separated obviously. All plants in F1 selected by Knanmycin sulfate had resistance to insect, but about 20% plants in F2, F3 selected by Knanmycin sulfate showed no resistance. The percentage of damaged apexes of stem and squares and bolls in the field showed that the resistance to target insect in F2 at early growing stage was similar to that in FI, and decreased at late stage, the percentage of damaged apexes and squares and bolls increased obviously. The average percentage of boll shedding of F1, F2, F3 and CK were 6.21%, 13.05%, 17.91% and 29.63% respectively. And the percentage of boll shedding of F1, F2, F3 reduced by 23.423%, 16.58%, and 11.72%, respectively compared with CK. This was to say planting anti-insect hybrid cotton might increased yields.4, Yield analysis showed that average yield of F1 was 1296.30kg/ha, and increase by 282.45kg/ha compared with CK and its average competitive dominancy was 27.86%; Average yield of F2 was 1168.65kg/ha, increased by 154.80kg/ha compared with CK and its average competitive domain was 15.27%; Average yield of F3 was 1117.65kg/ha, increased 103.80kg/ha compared with CK and its average competitive dominancy was 10.24%. If F1 had higher competitiv更多还原