【作者】 余红兵；

【导师】 王仁才； 肖润林；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 果树学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 柑桔己成为桂西北肯福环境移民示范区的一项长期的支柱产业，在示范区移民的生产、生活中起着不可缺少的作用。本文对该示范区柑桔园土壤中量、微量养分丰缺程度和柑桔园营养特性及相关性进行研究，旨在为桂西北柑桔产区土壤合理培肥，使柑桔园达到优质高产提供科学依据。 主要结论如下： 1．对桂西北环境移民示范区柑桔园采126个表层土样的有机质、pH、土壤全锌、锰、铜、铁、钙、镁及土壤有效态锌、铜、铁、代换态钙、镁等指标进行了进行测定。研究探明了肯福示范区柑桔园土壤中量、微量元素含量状况，结果表明该柑桔园全量铜、锌和锰含量低，全钙、镁缺乏严重，但全铁含量高；中量元素代换性Ca、Mg也严重缺乏，有效铜含量极缺的占50.39％，有效锌含量缺乏，只有28.34％处于适量，而有效Fe含量高量或过量。 2．柑桔园土壤pH值范围为3.75～4.65，在此范围内，有效铁含量与pH呈极显著负相关，然而，代换性镁、代换态钙、有效铜、有效锌含量与pH值的相关性没有明显规律，与土壤呈强酸性反应时，常发生钙、镁等元素的缺乏有关。同时，土壤有机质质量分数与土壤有效锌、有效铜、镁含量呈显著或极显著正相关，提高土壤有机质水平对改善土壤养分状况具有积极作用。 3．椪柑叶片营养元素含量中，其磷、氮含量大部分处于适宜状态，以钾营养缺乏严重，而叶片镁、钙含量大部分适宜部分缺乏，铁、锰含量适宜，铜、锌含量缺乏严重；经DRIS叶片诊断结果统计，整体示范园的营养元素的综合需求次序为K＞P＞Mg＞Ca＞N。叶片营养元素含量的比值为：N：P：K：Ca：Mg=1：0.4：0.30：1.10：0.10。研究初步提出该示范区椪柑叶片营养元素含量的适宜范围为：氮2.9～3.5％，磷0.12～0.16％，钾0.8～1.70％，钙3.0～4.6％，镁0.30～0.49％，铁50～140 mg·kg^-1，锌18～50 mg·kg^-1，锰20～100 mg·kg^-11，铜3～16 mg·kg^-1，可供该示范区营养诊断指导合理施肥之参考。 4．叶片营养元素间的拮抗与增效作用相当普遍。氮与钾、钾与钙存在负相关。而叶片氮与磷、氮与钙、钙与镁相互间有显著的增效作用。土壤pH值与叶片钾含量呈正相关，而与叶片钙含量呈负相关。土壤有机质与叶片氮和钾含量均呈显著正相关。 5.叶片营养元素的质量分数与土壤养分的相应质量分数很少有显奢相关，而叶片K、P、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn质量分数与土壤多种养分质量分数间存在一定的相关性，表明上壤养分与叶片元素含量间关系的复杂性。土壤水解N与叶片N含量呈正相关;土壤P与叶片P含量呈负相关，表明在生产中应讲究P肥施用效果。由此也可见土壤分析与叶片分析在营养诊断中的互补作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Citrus were selected for the long-term mainstay industry of demonstration area, and it will play important role in agricultural production and everyday life of immigrants. In order to offer scientific basis for rational fertilizing, and improve high quality-yield. The status of trace element contents in the soil and the mineral nutrition status of citrus and correlation relation in the leaves were studied.The main results are as follows:1.Research was made on some indexes of soil in Northwest Guangxi. The soil indexes include soil organic matter, total Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Ca, Mg, available Zn, Cu, Fe, and exchangeable Ca, Mg, pH etc. Soil samples include 126 topsoils, which were collected in the citrus demonstration orchards of Kenfu demonstration plot. The status of second and trace element contents in the soil of citrus orchard were studied. The result showed that total Zn, Mn, Cu content was low, and total Ca, Mg content was seriously deficient, and however total Fe content was superfluous. Exchangeable second Ca, Mg were seriously deficient, available Cu content seriously deficient was 50.39%, available Zn content deficient, only 28.34% was in optimum range, however available Fe content was all higher.2.When soil pH was 3.75~4.65 ,very significant negative was found between the contents of available Fe and pH values in soil, however there no correlation between the contents of available Zn, Cu Ca, Mg and pH values in soil. Because the soil was strong acid that leads to Ca, Mg was deficient. There were a very significant positive correlation between the contents of available Zn, Cu, Mg and soil organic matter of citrus orchard, which indicated that improving soil organic matter help to soil nutrients status.3.The mineral nutrient status of citrus was studied by leaves analysis. The result indicated that P content and N content were mostly optimum status, K content was seriously deficient, however Ca, Mg content were mostly optimum status, but a few was deficient, Fe, Mn were optimum Cu, Zn content were generally seriously deficient in theleaves. By the result DRIS nutrition diagnosis of leaves, fertilizers should come in the order of K>P>Mg >Ca>N, and N: P : K: Ca : Mg=1:0.4:0.30:1.10:0.10.The preliminary studied suggests that the values of the optimum range of mineral element in the leaves of citrus orchards of Kenfu demonstration plot were :N2.9~3.5%, P0.12~ 0.16%, K0.8~1.70%, Ca3.0~4.6%, Mg0.30~0.49%, Fe50~140 mg-kg’1, Znl8~50 mg.kg-1, Mn20~100 mg.kg-1, Cu3-16 mg.kg-1, which may proved the parameters of nutrition diagnosis and rational fertilizing.4. Antagonistic and accelerate effect among major nutrition elements in citrus leaves were general, N and K, K and Ca were negative correlation, however there were positive correlation between N and P, N and Ca, Ca and Mg in citrus leaves. There were positive correlation was found between pH values in soil and the contents of K, but negative correlation and the contents of Ca. There was very significant positive correlation between the contents of N, K and soil organic matter of citrus orchard.5. Significant Correlation between mass tractions of mineral nutrient elements in leaves and corresponding soil were less, but correlation between mass fractions of mineral nutrient K, P ca, Mg, Mn, Zn in leaves and mass tractions of a few of nutrient of soil, which indicated that their relation was complexity. Leaves N and soil N were positive correlation, Leaves P and soil P were negative correlation, so should scientific rational fertilize P. The result showed the soil and leaf analysis mutual effect in nutrition diagnosis.更多还原