【作者】 袁菊红；

【导师】 屠乃美； 张玉烛；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 为了探明水、陆稻抗旱性生理机制和营养特性，为高产、高效的陆稻栽培技术体系及水稻旱种提供指导，本研究以TANGARA，IAPAR9、新香优80和R80为材料，进行了水、旱种比较试验和以TANGARA为材料进行了施肥及化学调控试验。主要试验结果如下： 1．各品种的产量水、旱种差异显著。水种时新香优80产量最高，达8377.31kg/hm~2，极显著高于其他三个品种，方差分析各品种间差异达极显著水平。旱种时产量明显降低，产量高低顺序为新香优80＞TANGARA＞R80＞IAPAR9，IAPAR9极显著低于其他品种，而新香优80与TANGARA之间差异均不显著。说明水、旱种时水稻大于陆稻；杂交稻大于常规稻；旱种以新香优80和陆稻TANGARA较好。 2．干旱使每穗总粒数减少、结实率和干粒重下降，有效穗数陆稻减少，水稻增多。产量构成因素中有效穗数对产量的贡献最大，直接通径系数为1.3690，次为千粒重，直接通径系数为1.0727，每穗总粒数和结实率的直接通径系数分别为0.8298，0.3378。 3．旱种时，根系发达、白根多、生育期较短、株高中等、叶面积较小的品种有利抗旱。陆稻TANGARA、水稻新香优80抗旱性较强且产量性状较佳，因此是旱种时适选品种。此外，干旱对生育期、株高、茎蘖数、叶面积、干物质积累量和米质存在一定影响，各品种米质水种优于旱种，但旱种能明显提高水、陆稻的粗蛋白含量。 4．光合速率、蒸腾速率相对值高的品种抗旱性强；几乎所有参试品种孕穗期和黄熟期的相对电导率旱种大于水种；伤流量、根系活力和硝酸原酶活性与水、陆稻的抗旱性密切相关。 5．抗旱性综合评分以TANGARA最高(4.06分)明显高于其他三个品种，新香优80(3.21分)次之，稍高于IAPAR9(3.19分)，R80最低(2.72分)。TANGARA具有较强的抗旱性，IAPAR9生理方面的抗旱性较突出但农艺性状较差，新香优80抗早性中等且产量性状佳，R80两方面均较差，与生产实际表现基本一致。 6.植株茎秆全氮含量以乳熟期对产量的影响最大，其直接通径系数为一0.7450，孕穗期次之，直接通径系数为0.4277。氮、磷积累量以施包膜复合肥的最多，钾积累以施单元素肥的最多，施普通复合肥的三者积累量均是最低的，氮、磷、钾积累与理论产量都呈正相关，磷与产量的相关达显著水平(相关系数为0.9284，0.9961*，0.0141)，生育中后期施氮可促进磷、钾元素的吸收和积累。 7.化学调控对生育期、茎莫数、叶面积等影响小，但多效哇降低株高的作用明显:了匕抓叹寸IiIi稻飞找NG八R八下物质积累有一定影响，喷施化学药剂可不同程度地减轻干旱缺水的胁迫。此外，化学调控的米质优于CK，其中云大1加处理的品质较优。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the physiology of drought resistance and main nutrient properties of upland rice and to provide guidance to high-production, high-efficiency of upland rice cultivation and dry farming of lowland rice, three field experiments were conducted. The first one was the upland and lowland cultivation experiment, which included four varieties Upland rice-TANGARA and IAPAR9, Lowland rice XinXiangYou80 and R80.The other two experiments were fertilization and chemical regulation to upland rice-TANGARA. The results were as follows:1. There existed significant differences in yields of different varieties between upland and lowland cultivation. The yield of XinXiangYou80 reach to 8.37 tons per ha, which is extremely higher than that of other varieties. There were significant differences in all varieties under lowland cultivation. The yield decreased markedly under upland cultivation. However the yield of XinXiangYou80 was the highest, TANGARA was the second, R80and IAPAR9 was the third and forth respectively. Among these varieties, the yield of IAPAR9 is lower than that of the others and there was significant difference at 0.01 level. But there was no significant difference between TANGARA and XinXiangYou80. The results showed that the yield of XinXiangYou80 was prior to that of R80 and the lowland rice prior to upland rice. The XinXiangYou80 and upland rice-TANGARA were more suitable for upland cultivation.2. The whole grains per panicle, seed-setting percentage and 1000 grains weight decreased as the result of drought stress. As for the effective tiller number, the upland rice decreased and the lowland rice increased. Among yield components, the effective tiller number had the biggest effect on the yield, which path coefficent was 1.3690; the 1000 grains weight has also effect on yield, the path coefficent was 1.0727; andthe path coefficents of grains per panicle and seed-setting percentage were 0.8298, 0.3378 respectively.3.Developed root system, vigorous roots, middle plant height and growth duration and leaf area of rice variety have stronger drought resistance under upland cultivation. TANGARA and XinXiangYou80 have these properties as well as good agronomical characters. So they are the better varieties to upland cultivation. In addition, the growth duration, plant height, tillering, leaf area, dry matter accumulation and the quality of rice were influenced by drought stress, the rice quality of all varieties of lowland cultivation is better than that of upland cultivation, whereas the content of protein of rice increased obviously under upland cultivation.4.The higher the relative photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate, the stronger the drought resistance. The relative electric conductivity of almost of varieties under upland cultivation was bigger than that of lowland cultivation during panicle initiation and yellow-ripen stages. There were close relationship between the drought resistance of rice and the amount of exudate, the root activity and the nitrate reductase activity (NRA).5.The result of comprehensive evaluation showed that the highest was TANGARA (4.06), significantly higher than the other varieties. XinXiangYou80 was the second (3.21), which higher than that of IAPAR9(3.19), the lowest was R80(2.72). Thus the upland rice TANGARA has stronger drought resistance, IAPAR9 has strong drought resistance in physiology but the agronomical characters were poor. The XinXiangYou80 has medium level drought resistance and good yield characters, R80 was poor in the two aspects. The result was in concide with the field performance.6.The total content of Nitrogen of stem in milky stage affected on the theoretical yield, followed by that of panicle initiation stage ,the path coefficents were-0.7457 and 0.4277 respectively. The biggest amount of accumulation of N, P was treated by coated fertilizer, but the biggest amount of accumulation of K was treated by single-element fertilizer. The lowest amount of accumulation of those three elements was that of comm更多还原