【作者】 余有贵；

【导师】 贺建华；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究设计了两个子试验，研究同一NSP复合酶在不同品种的单胃动物中的应用效果。试验一：选用体重约20kg的杜×长×大三元杂交生长猪108头，随机分成9个处理组，每组3个重复，每重复4头猪，公母各半。采用2×3试验设计方法，2因素指谷物组成和NSP复合酶，谷物组成的3个水平分别为100％玉米和0％小麦、62％玉米和38％小麦、27％玉米和73％小麦，NSP复合酶FE806的3个添加水平分别为0、0.025％和0.05％，由此产生的9种同粮随机分配给9组试验猪进行饲喂。饲养试验共28天，计算平均日增重、料重比和评估日粮中加酶的投资回报率；在试验期间的第14天，以重复栏为单位选1头猪收集刚排出的新鲜正常粪便检测pH值和主要微生物（包括双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌）的数量；在第21、22、23天采用外源指示剂Cr₂O₃法进行消化实验，测定生长猪日粮的能量、干物质、粗蛋白和粗纤维的表观消化率；试验二：选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭苗810羽，随机分成9个处理组，每组3个重复，每重复30羽鸭，公母自然混合。采用2×3试验设计方法，2因素指谷物组成和NSP复合酶，谷物组成的3个水平分别为100％玉米和0％小麦、53％玉米和47％小麦、11％玉米和89％小麦，NSP复合酶FE806的3个添加水平分别为0、0.025％和0.05％，由此产生的9种日粮随机分配给9组试验鸭进行饲喂。饲养试验共49天，分两个阶段，前期3周，后期4周，计算平均日增重、料重比和对日粮中加酶进行经济效益分析；试验的后期以重复笼为单位选取体重在2.6kg左右的樱桃谷肉鸭的公鸭1只，单独饲养在代谢笼中进行代谢试验，测定肉鸭日粮的能量、干物质、粗蛋白和粗纤维的表观代谢率；饲养试验结束，以重复笼为单位随机抽耿2只健康鸭（公母各半）进行屠宰试验，测定屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、腹脂率、胸肌率和腿肌率。 试验数据采用SAS6.12软件的GLM方法进行方差分析和Duncan氏多重比较。试验结果表明：（1） 日粮中谷物组成和NSP复合酶对生长猪的日增重、料重比、营养物质的消化率以及粪便的pH值和微生物区系均有显著性的影响（P＜0.05）；在三种不同谷物组成的日粮中添加NSP复合酶能提高生长猪的的日增重（p＜0.05）、降低料重比（p＜0.05），提高营养物质的消化率（p＜0.05）、降低粪便pH值和改善微生物区系（P＜0.05），提高经济效益；相反，日粮中小麦占谷物组成的比例过高（达73%）则会降低生长猪的日增重（p<0 .05）和营养物质的消化率（p<0.05），提高料重比（P<0.05）和pH值（P<0.05），抑制有益微生物的生长（P<0.05）;（2）在生长猪日粮中小麦占谷物组成的比例以35%一40%或小麦在日粮中占25%左右较为适宜，NSP复合酶的适宜添加水平为0.025%;（3）日粮中谷物组成和NSP复合酶对肉鸭的生产性能、营养物质代谢率和屠宰性能均有显著影响（P<0.05）。日粮中添加一定比例的小麦能降低肉鸭的日增重（P<0.05）和营养物质代谢率（p<0 .05），提高料重比p<0 .05和腿肌率（p<0.05）:日粮中添加NSP复合酶能提高肉鸭的日增重（p<0.05）、营养物质代谢率（p<0.05）与屠宰性能的屠宰率（p<0 .05）、胸肌率（p<0.05）和腿肌率（p<0.05），降低料重比（p<（）.05），提高经济效益;（4）在肉鸭日粮中小麦占谷物组成的比例以45%一50%或小麦在日粮中占30%一35ry0较为适宜，NSP复合酶的适宜添加水平为0.05%;（5）谷物组成和NSP复合酶的交互作用在试验动物品种之间存在着差异。二者的交互作用只对肉鸭日粮蛋白质的表观代谢率产生显著影响（p<0 .05），而对生长猪的干物质消化率和料重比均有显著影响（p<0.05）;与生长猪相比，樱桃谷肉鸭对小麦日粮具有较好的适应性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of the same NSP enzymes on two different monogastric animals. In the first trial, 108 heads crossbred DurocxLandracexYorkshire piglets about 20 + 0.5 kg were selected randomly and divided into 9 treatments (each treatment had 3 duplicates, each duplicate had 4 piglets with the male/femalel :1) to evaluate the effects of cereal composition (3 levels were 100% corn, 62% corn and 38% wheat, 27% corn and 73% wheat respectively) and NSP enzymes supplementation with 3 levels of 0, 0.025%, 0.05% in 32 factorial design. The duration of the feed trial was 28 days, at the end ADG, F/G and return rate of investment were measured; at the 14th day, fresh feces sample (one head per duplicate) were collected to measure pH and the major microflora counts (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacilluys, E.coli, Salmonella); During the 21st-23rd days, digestible trial with exogenous marker Cr2O3 was conducted to estimate the apparent digestibility of DM, CP, CF and DE.In the second trial, 810 Id old cherry valley ducklings were randomly divided into 9 treatment groups (3 duplicates per treatment, 30 ducklings per duplicate) to investigate the effects of cereal composition (3 levels were 100% corn, 53% corn and 47% wheat, 11% corn and 89% wheat respectively) and NSP enzymes supplementation with 3 levels of 0, 0.025%, 0.05% in 32 factorial design. Forty-nine days of trial duration was arranged into 2 phases (the former 3 weeks and the latter 4 weeks). After each phase, the items of ADG, F/G and return rate of investment of NSP enzymes supplementation were estimated. During the latter phase, one male cherry valley ducklings weighed 2.6 kg per duplicate was chosen and raised in the metabolizable cages to investigate the apparent metabolibility of DM, CP, CF and DE. At the end of the trial, 2 healthy ducklings (one female and one male) were randomly chosen to conduct slaughter trial.The results showed that:(1)The cereal composition and NSP enzymes preparation supplementation in diets have significant effects on ADG (P<0.05) , F/G (P<0.05) , fecal pH and microflora accounts (P<0.05) and digestibility (p<0.05) of GE,DM,CP and CF of growing pigs. Supplementation of NSP enzymes preparation in swine diet improved performance (p<0.05) and nutrient digestibility (p<0.05), promoted the growth of beneficial microbe (p<0.05), and economic efficiency can also be improved. Whereas, when higher wheat ratio (about 73%)in diets, performance and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs were decreased significantly (p<0.05), and growth of beneficial microbe was also inhibited significantly (p<0.05).(2) Based on the results of the first trail, it is suggested that the optimum wheat content in swine diet is about 38% of the cereal composition or 25% in the mixed dietand the optimum enzymes preparation supplementation is 0.025%.(3) The cereal composition in ducklings diet affected performance and nutrient metabolibility (P<0.05) , thigh muscle ratio in dressing performance significantly(P<0.05 ) . Supplementation of NSP enzymes preparation in ducklings diet significantly improved performance, nutrient digestibility, dressing percentage, breastment ratio and thigh muscle ratio in dressing performance respectively (P<0.05). Economic efficiency improved significantly, too.(4) From the results of the second trail, it is suggested that the optimum wheat content in ducklings diet is about 45%-50% of the cereal composition or 30%-35% in the mixed diet, and the optimum enzymes preparation supplementation is 0.05%.(5) Interaction effects between cereal composition and NSP enzymes supplementation on experimental animal species existed, but only interaction effects on CP apparent metabolibility of ducklings and DM digestibility and F/G of piglet was significant(P<0.05). Compared with growing piglets, cherry valley ducklings are more adaptive to the wheat diet.更多还原