【作者】 王翔；

【导师】 颜合洪； 赵松义；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 种植， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 直播漂浮式育苗，是90年代初国际烟草生产上已开始应用的新的生产技术。我省是从90年代末开始在湘西北进行推广应用研究。我们根据当地的土壤、气候等自然生态条件和社会经济条件并结合我厂烟叶生产基地的现状和要求开始探索适合于本地的直播漂浮式育苗技术，形成和完善与之相配套的管理、栽培技术措施。本研究主要对基质、肥料、育苗盘规格、剪叶技术、不同生长调节剂及播期等进行试验。本研究主要结论如下：在不同基质选配的试验中，两种基质无明显显著差异，都具有良好的化学稳定性和吸水性，在基质上也不滋生藻类。育苗盘规格试验中以200孔型最能培育出整齐一致、健壮的烟苗。在营养液配制中，氮、磷、钾的比例以N：P：K=1：0.5：1为最佳配合。氮素浓度则以150mg·L^-1为宜，农艺性状显著优于其它的处理。营养液微量元素的配比则以配方1产生显著的壮苗效应，表明增施微量元素对提高成苗素质是必要的。在出苗后20天添加一次营养液(100×10^-6N)效果比较明显。炼苗是培育壮苗的重要环节，在试验中发现炼苗4～6天烟苗直径有所增加，茎杆变坚韧，抗逆性增强。两种育苗方式中漂浮式育苗对叶干重、茎杆重、根于重、茎围，最大叶长×宽都显著优于两段式营养土育苗。在不同播期试验中，可知在本地常规播种期的基础上适当提早播种效果好，不应推迟播种，否则会影响本地的晚稻正常生产季节。使用生长调节剂的结果表明，多效唑和唏效唑能有效地控制烟苗徒长、培育壮苗，且在团棵期能恢复正常生长，表现出明显增加产量和产值；缩节胺能有效地控制烟苗徒长，但在团棵期恢复较慢，矮壮素也有相同的作用，且在研究中表现出产量和产值低于对照。剪叶试验以剪叶3次效果最佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the world, technique of direct-seeded floating system for tobacco production was a new technique applied in the early 1990’ s. Our province began this research for spreading in the northwest of Hunan province in the latter 1990’ s. Based on the social economical condition and natural ecology environment such as the soil condition and climate condition, we began to establish the technique of direct-seeded floating system adapted to the northwest of Hunan, which in accord with our factory’ s aim and standard. This study is mainly about medium, fertilization, tray, seedling clipping, hardening, growth regulator and seedingtime. As the results show that in the experiment of medium, two sorts of medium have no significant differences. Two kinds of medium have steadily chemistry characteristics and good properties in maintaining water. Algae would not grow on the two sorts of medium. 200-cell tray was the best choice that could cultivate healthy and regular seedlings. As to nutrient solution of the experiment, it was suggested that NIP! K=l : 0.5 : 1 and "150 mgN ?L’1" should be the best choice and the agronomic characteristics should superior to the other treatments. When "lOOmgN ?L"1" with the same N-P-K ratio 20 days after seedlings appearance was applied the tobacco grew better. Application of microelements could significantly improve the seedling quality. Moreover, the treatment 1 could reach the significant level. It was shown that when harden seedlings 4?6 days, tobacco stems could grow toughly. It was also suggested that the method of float seedlings production should have significant differences contrasted to nutritive soil seedlings production in all agronomic characteristics. When advanced the seedtime properly based on the traditional seedingtime, the tobacco seedling would benefit from it. If putting off the seedingtime, the rice paddy would be affected seriously. In the experiment of growth regulator, PPP333 and S3307 could control the growth process of the seedling effectively and the seedling could recover in extending-root stagecontrasted to the treatments of Fix and CCC, which need more time for recovering. When the Seedling treated by PPP333 and S3307, the output and production value increased markedly. On the contrary when treated by Fix and CCC, the output and production value was inferior to CK. As to the experiment of clipping, three-time clipping frequency will be good to tobacco seedlings.更多还原