【作者】 邓华凤；

【导师】 徐国庆； 周坤炉；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 种植， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究选用了6个不育系和5个恢复系，以不育系作母本恢复系作父本成对杂交配组了30个杂交早稻组合，分析了杂种F₁植株上的F₂种子及亲本种子的12个品质性状，对杂交早稻品质性状的表现及其与双亲和产量的关系进行了研究，分析了杂交早稻稻米品质性状的遗传效应，其主要研究结果如下： 1．杂交早稻的出糙率和长／宽绝大多数组合基本上能达到国颁一级优质米标准，其达标率分别为96.7％和93.3％；但直链淀粉含量、胶稠度只有近半数组合能达国颁二级优质米标准；而垩白度、垩白率、整精米率达标的组合极少，都只有20％组合能达国颁二级优质米标准，存在明显不足。 2．杂交早稻各品质性状的表现普遍介于双亲之间，但粒长、长／宽和垩白面积有较多的超高亲组合；整精米率、粒宽、糊化温度和胶稠度有较多的超低亲组合。杂交早稻稻米的粒宽、垩白粒率、直链淀粉含量和糊化温度4等个性状与不育系呈显著正相关；出糙率、整精米率、粒宽、垩白粒率等4个性状与恢复系表现出显著正相关；而粒长、粒宽、垩白粒率与中亲值达显著正相关。 3．杂交早稻各品质性状间存在不同程度的正向或负向竞争优势。在不同不育系所杂交早稻配组合中，综合性状指标优势大小次序为：T98A＞香125S＞金23A＞早S＞810S＞V20A（CK：湘早籼31）。以香两优68为对照，不同不育系所配杂交早稻组合中，各性状指标的竞争优势表现很不突出，多数组合只有个别性状表现较好，综合品质性状表现不够理想。在供试亲本中，R974与香125S相对表现较好；其次是R402、D34、D68、早S、金23A、T98A与V20；表现最差的是810S和湘早籼31号。 4．杂交早稻12个品质性状受基因的加性和非加性效应的共同影响；其中出糙率、精米率、垩白率、垩白面积、胶稠度和直链淀粉含量等6个性状主要受亲本特殊配合力的作用，而整精米率，粒长、粒宽、长／宽和垩白度等5个性状主要受亲本的一般配合力作用。而且除出糙率、精米率、胶稠度等3个性状外，其余性状受不育系的作用更大。 5．杂交早稻各品质性状的广义遗传力较高，而狭义遗传力较低。其狭义遗传力的大小依次为长／宽＞粒长＞垩白度＞粒宽＞整精米率＞糊化温度＞直链淀粉含量＞垩白率＞垩白面积＞出糙率＞胶稠度＞精米率。 6．杂交早稻品质性状之间存在一定的密切联系。其中表现出正相关的有：出糙率与精米率；整精米率与糊化温度；粒长与长／宽，粒宽与垩白粒率、垩白面积、直链淀粉含量，垩白粒率与粒宽、垩白面积、直链淀粉含量；垩白面积与粒硕士研究生毕业论文宽、坚白粒率、直链淀粉含量、坚白度;表现负相关的有:整精米率与至白粒率;长/宽与粒宽、奎白粒率、至白面积、直链淀粉含量、至白度、糊化温度等。 7.杂交早稻在单一品质性状上与产量性状存在一定程度的相关性。每穗总粒数与出糙率、精米率;整精米率与穗长、结实率、实粒数;千粒重与粒长、粒宽、奎白粒率;直链淀粉含量与每穗实粒数、结实率、理论产量等都呈显著正相关;而千粒重与整精米存在显著负相关。但所有品质性状与实际产量都无显著相关性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thirty early hybrid rice combinations were obtained from six male sterile lines and five restore lines in the study. Twelve quality characters of ?2 seed from FI plants and both parent seeds were analysized. The relations between the performance of quality characters of these combinations and the yields, and as well the parents were studied, including the genetic effects on grain quality character of these combinations. The main research results are as fellows:1. The brown rice rate(BRR) and length/width ratio(L/W) of the most combinations can meet Class I of National Standard on Fine Qualified Rice.The percentage to meet the National Standard are 96.7% and 93.3% respectively. However, the amylose content (AC) and gel consistency (GC) of half combinations only meet Class II of National Standard on Fine Qualified Rice. Few combination can meet Class II of National Standard on Fine Qualified Rice in chalky score(CS), chalkiness(CN), head rice percentage (HRP).2.Each quality characters performance of the combinations was the middle of both parents. But the grain length(GL), L/W and chalkiness area(CA) of these combinations tended to higher than those of their parents. HRP, grain width(GW), gelatinization temperature(GT), and GC of these combinations tended to lower than those of their parents. GW, CS, AC and GT of these combinations have significant positive relation to sterile lines. BRR, HRP, GW and CS of these combinations have significant positive relations to restore lines. Their GL, GW and CS have significant positive relation to mid-parent values.3.There existed the positive or negative competitive advantage among quality characters of these combinations, In all these combinations which crossed by various sterile lines (CK: XiangzaoxianSl), the standing of advantage are: T98A>Xiangl25S >Jin23A>ZaoS>810S>V20A. The performance of competitive advantage of various sterile lines in each character was not significant(CK: Xiangliangyou68), and the performance of few character in the most combination was good, but performanceof comprehensive quality was not good. Among all parents, the performances of R974 and Xiangl25S were best, R402, D34, D68, V20, Jin23A, T98Aand ZaoS were good, and 81 OS and XiangzaoxianS 1 were not good. ?4.Twelve quality characters of these combinations were affected by the additive and nonadditive effects of genes. Of them, BRR, milled rice percentage(MRP), CS, CN, GL and AC were affected by special combining ability(SCA) of parents, but HRR, GL, GW, L/W and CA were affected by general combining ability(GCA) of parents. The sterile lines have bigger effect on the other characters except BRR, MRP andGL.5.The heritability in broad sense (H2 B ) of each quality character of these combinations was high. But the heritability in narrow sense (H2N ) was low. The sequence of H2N in 12 quality characters from high to low was : L/W>GL>CN> GW>HRP>GT>AC>CS >CA>BRR>GL>MRP.6.There was close relation among the quality characters of these combinations, significant positive relation were found between BRR and MRR, HRR and GT, GL and L/W, and L/W was also positively correlated with CS , CA and GC, In addition, CS, GW and CA was significant positively correlated to AC; So the CA with GW, CS, AC and SC was. Whereas , there are negative relations between HRP and CS. GW, CS, CA, GT and CN was also significant negatively correlated to L/W.7. In these combinations , there were some correlations between yield characters and single quality character. Significant positive correlations were observed , such as the total grain per panicle with BRR, MRP; HRP with length per panicle, seed setting percentage, plumped number of grain per panicle; 1000-grain weigh with GL, GW, CS; and AC with plumped number of grain per panicle, seed setting percentage, theoretical yield. But 1000-grain weigh was significantly negative correlate to HRP, significant correlation was not found between yield character and comprehensive quality character.更多还原