【作者】 余培玉；

【导师】 徐庆国；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 种植， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究针对水稻免耕直播栽培条件下播种全苗的技术难题进行了初步的试验探讨，试图通过种子的包衣丸化处理和在此基础上的播种量试验，以探讨水稻在免耕直播条件下的种子处理、播种量对播种全苗、苗后生长发育及产量的影响。试验分别在湖南农业大学和湖南省常德市石门县进行。主要研究结果如下： 1、丸化包衣种子不会因表面较厚的丸衣存在而影响种子的吸水萌发，也不会因丸衣裂开而导致丸衣内的活性成份流失。 2、丸化包衣种子能在淹水情况下正常萌发，平均发芽率为83.3％；而未进行丸化包衣处理的对照在淹水情况下无法正常萌发，烂种严重，平均发芽率为19.2％。表明丸化种衣剂能有效提供种子在水下正常萌发所需的氧气，防止烂种。 3、经丸化包衣处理的种子其根明显增粗，根毛浓密，百株干、鲜重明显高于对照，根系活力提高，根系活跃吸收表面积优于对照，游离脯氨酸含量高于未进行丸化处理的对照61.1％—90.0％，叶色值也明显高于对照。 4、经丸化包衣处理后的种子，出苗率、成秧率分别提高9.4％—14.8％和6.2％—8.8％，明显高于对照。同时秧苗变矮壮，绿叶数总体增多，茎基加宽，白根增多，地上部干重及分蘖株率明显增加，秧苗综合素质提高。另外对恶苗病、稻蓟马、稻飞虱有明显防治效果。 5、水稻单株分蘖和单株有效分蘖与水稻直播播种量的变化有关。播种量越大，单株分蘖越少，单株有效分蘖也少，其单株分蘖能力呈现随播量增大而减弱的趋势。 6、水稻直播播种量对产量有较大影响。杂交水稻组合培两优93随播种量增大反而下降，达显著水平。1.5kg／亩和2.0kg，亩播量的其产量水平差异不显著，而与2.5kg／亩播量的差异显著。播种量以1.5kg／亩左右为宜，即高产，又省种。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explorer the influence of coated or pelleted seeds and seeding rate on rice establishment, growth and development and grain yield, the experiments with hybrid rice were conducted by using direct seeding under the zero tillage condition Changsha and Shimen county in 2002-2003. The main results were summarized as follows:The water absorption and germination of pelleted or coated seeds was not influenced by the seed thickening. And the opening of the seed-pelleting agents did not result in the loss of the active substance.Both pelleted seeds and coated seeds could ordinarily germinate under the submerged soils. The germination rate was up to 83.3% respectively. But the uncoated seeds (CK) could not germinate under the submerged soils. And the germination rate was as low as 19.2%. A possible reason for this was that the seed pelleting agent could supply the necessary oxygen for seed germination.The seedlings of coated seeds or pelleted seeds showed the characteristics of thick root diameter, density root hair, great root dry matter and strong root activity and large root uptake surface area. The free proline content was 61.1%-90.0% higher than that of CK and the chlorophyll content was also higher than that of CK.Compared with CK, the establishment rate and adult seedling rate of both pelleted seeds and coated seeds increased by 9.4% -14.8% and 6.2%-8.8% respectively. Meanwhile, the seedlings displayed shorter plant height, more green leaves, thicker basal stem diameter, more white roots, greater plant dry matter, and the stronger tillering ability. The seedlings of coated seeds also show the stronger resistance to the plant hoper, thrip and bakanae disease of rice.The tillers and effective tillers per plant were related to the seeding rate. In general, the large the seeding rate, the less the tillers and effective tillers per plant. Tillering ability per plant showed the tendency of less tillers with the increase in seeding rate.Seeding rate obviously affected the grain yield. The yield of Llangyoupeiju significantly decreased with the increase in seeding rate. But there was no difference of grain yield between the treatments of 1.5kg/mu and 2.0kg/mu. 1.5kg/mu could be taken as the suitable seeding rate.更多还原