【作者】 欧阳敏；

【导师】 贺建华；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国人民生活水平的提高，黄颡鱼由于其肉味鲜美、无肌间刺、可食比例大，无鳞等优良性状，深受人们的喜爱，市场供不应求，100g／尾以上，价格稳定在30元／kg左右。为此，全国各地先后开展了黄颡鱼的养殖，但真正能规模化养殖的很少，其制约因素主要是苗种、中成鱼的饲料难以大规模提供，也就不能象四大家鱼那样提供大量的苗种来满足市场的需求。因此，开发人工配合饲料显得非常重要和紧迫。由于黄颡鱼食性有其自身的特点，要解决这一问题首先应解决人工配合饲料的驯食问题，其次是设计一个比较适宜的配合饲料配方，然后在养殖生产的过程中不断改进与提高。最终达到较好解决黄颡鱼的营养需求问题。 本实验首先是设计和改进鱼类诱食剂的研究方法，并开发一个黄颡鱼诱食剂产品，解决驯食黄颡鱼采食人工配合饲料。其研究开发分三步完成。 首先开展迷宫实验。设计配方四个，以基础料为对照组，每个配方设二个梯度，根据10分钟内试验组与对照组的集鱼(虾)区集鱼(虾)尾数(重复2次)来进行比较分析，数据经t-检验，具显著意义，得出配方Ⅳ的第二个梯度值为理想的配方组。 将筛选的诱食剂配方再与大江牌鱼饲料、新希望鱼饲料利用集鱼筛进行河道诱食试验，结果得出自配诱食剂集鱼筛中的鱼平均尾数为17尾，大江牌集鱼平均尾数为10尾，新希塑牌集鱼平均尾数为7尾。经方差分析和Duncan法多重比较，得出三者之间的诱食活性为：自配诱食剂＞大江牌鱼饲料＞新希望鱼饲料。 诱食剂饲养生长对比试验，设计一个基础配方作对照组，另一个在基础料中添加诱食剂作试验组，分别制作成颗粒料，然后进行饲养对比试验，结果得出，试验组经48天的饲养后平均增重455.7g，饲料系数平均为1.94；对照组平均增重348g，饲料系数平均为2.23。经t-检验，差异极显著。说明添加诱食剂不仅易于驯食人工配合饲料，而且可以提高饲料的适口性、饲料的消化吸收率。 实验的第二项是开展了实用配方的设计开发，根据黄颡鱼食性分析的结果和肌肉营养成份的检测结果，以及其它学者公布的资料作为配方营养标准的参考依据，利用计算机饲料配方软件设计出三个试验配方，同时以投喂小杂鱼饲养组作为对照组进行饲养对比试验。经48天的饲养，结果得出配方Ⅰ平均增重455.7g饲料系数平均1.94；配方Ⅱ平均增重272.8g，饲料系数平均2.49；配方Ⅲ平均增重358.6g，饲料系数平均2 .15;对照组平均增重264.5，饲料系数平均2.31。平均增重数据经方差分析和Duncan法多重比较，得出配方I>配方m>配方H>对照组。饲料系数平均值经方差分析和D姗an法多重比较，得出配方I>配方m>对照组>配方n。由此可见，配方I适宜于饵养黄籁鱼。为此还需进一步进行生产养殖中的饲养试验，进一步取得验证。 通过诱食荆和实用配方的研究与开发，可以解决黄领鱼驯食人工配方饲料的问题，实用配方的运用可以解决黄颗鱼中成鱼养殖过程中人工配合饲料的来源。为黄颗鱼养殖提供营养生理方面的技术支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the improvement of living condition in China, the supply of yellow catfish can’t meet the market need. People like yellow catfish because of its delicious taste, high edible, no thorns, proterties and so on. The price of yellow catfish with the size of over 100g each fish is about 30 yuan/kg. There are many people begin to breed yellow catfish but few can reach large scale and the key factor is that yellow catfish is very difficult to supply forage to sprout and fish sufficiently, so it is impossible to supply enough sprout to meet market need. As a result, it is very important and urgent to develop a artificial forage. As yellow catfish has its own character and habit, the first step to solve the problem is how to make yellow catfish to eat artificial forage; Secondly design a reasonable artificial forage prescription; Then improve the prescription continually during the progress of production; At last solve the nutrition need of yellow catfish perfectly.The experiment firstly designed and improved the study methods on fish stimulant bait. Secondly developed a stimulate bait product of yellow catfish, Then solved the problem of how to make yellow fish to eat artificial forage. There are 3 steps in the trial:The first step was maze installation experiment. Four prescriptions were treatment group, the baac forage prescription was compare group. Each treatment groups has two gradients. Analyzed the numbers of fish (shrimp) gathering in applying compare group area and treatment group aiea in 10 minutes. These numbers tested by t-inspection. There are significant difference between treatment group and compare group, the results showed that the second gradient of prescription IV was ideal.Making use of gathering fish sifer(GFS) and the selected stimulant bait prescription, Dajiang fish forage, XinxiAwang fish forage to take the attractant experiment in river, the results showed the there were 17 fishes in GFS of applying stimulant bait, 10 fishes in GFS of applying Dajiang fish forage, 7 fishes in GFS of applying Xinxiwang fish forage. Multiply-compared these data by variance analysis and Duncan law, the activity of these three forage is: selected stimulant bait>Dajiang fish forage >Xinxiwang fish forage.By comparing experiment, the thesis designed a basic prescription as compare group and added stimulant bait in basic prescription as treatment group, then made the two groupprescriptions into pellets and used these pellets breeding yellow catfish. 48 days later, the average increased weight of treatment group was 455.7g, the forage coefficient was 1.94; the average increased weight of compare group was 348g, the forage coefficient was 2.23. By t-inspection, the difference of two groups is very significant. The result showed that the stimulant bait is not only easy for breeding but also easy to be absorbed by yellow catfish.The second item of the trials was to develop the practical prescription. On the basis of the analysis about the fish fed habits, the detection result of muscle nutrition composition, and the information which other scholars supplied, the paper designed three treatment prescriptions by using forage prescription design software and the compare group was fed with small prescription to fish. After 48 days feeding, the average increased weight of prescription I is 455.7g and the forage coefficient is 1.94; the average increased weight of prescription II is 272.8g and the forage coefficient is 2.49; the average increased weight of prescription III is 358.6g and the forage coefficient is 2.15; the average increased weight of compare prescription is 264.5g and the forage coefficient is 2.31. The data of average increased weight was multiply compared by multi-analysis and Duncan law and the result is: prescription I> prescription II > prescription IH>compare group. These forage coefficient was multiply compared by multi-analysis and Duncan law, the result is: prescription I> prescription II > prescription III>compare group. According to the above results, it showed that prescription I is good更多还原