【作者】 张敏；

【导师】 厉仁安；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 土壤学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 人类跨入21世纪，人口、资源、环境等世界性问题不但没有得到有效解决，反而日益突出。我国耕地数量只有全世界耕地总量的1／3，却不得不养活占全世界1／4的人口，人地矛盾异常尖锐。如何有效地对我国土地进行开发、利用和保护，不仅关系到我们这样一个13亿人口大国的经济振兴，而且还直接影响全球经济的发展。在农用地分等定级与估价工作中，全面、科学地开展农用地等级质量属性的综合评价，科学量化农用地数量、质量和分布，是我国新一轮国土资源大调查与综合评价的一项重要基础性内容，它为实施区域耕地占补平衡制度、理顺土地价格体系、培育完善土地市场，促进土地资产合理配置，开展土地整理、土地征用补偿、农村集体土地使用权流转等工作提供依据。此外，鉴于地理信息系统可辅助处理大量的图件及属性资料等强大的空间数据分析功能，可减少工作强度、提高工作效率，使其运用至农用地分等定级估价工作成为必然。 本研究以浙江省慈溪市新浦镇为例，利用(1：10000)土地利用规划图以及土地调查资料和地力分析数据，在地理信息系统软件MAPINFO、ARC／INFO和EXCEL软件的支持下，建立了基础数据库，完成了新浦镇农用地分等定级及估价工作，具体研究内容包括： ● 野外调查于2003年6月分别采集慈溪市新浦镇农用地32个土样，每个点用GPS定位，并记录各样点的作物生长情况，同时收集研究区有关图件资料及有关土地的农业经济等资料。 ● 室内分析室内分析包括土壤质地、pH值、土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、全盐、有效锌及有效硼含量等土壤理化分析项目。土壤质地采用比重计法；土壤pH值采用玻璃电极法：土壤有机质采用重铬酸钾容量法；土壤碱解氮采用碱解扩散法；土壤速效磷采用0.5mol／l碳酸氢钠提取钼锑抗比色法；土壤速效钾采用1mol／l醋酸铵提取火焰光度法；土壤全盐含量1：5土水比电导法；土壤有效锌含量用DTPA提取原子吸收分光光度法；土壤有效硼采用沸水提取甲亚胺比色法。 ● 农用地自然质量评价的指标体系在征询专家的基础上选用土壤质地、pH值、土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、全盐、有效锌及有效硼含量作为本次农用地分等定级研究的评价指标，采用特而斐法(DelPhi)确定评价因子权重，并逐一对各采样点的分析结果进行质量打分，根据农用地自然质量分加权求和的评价模型，分别计算出各采样点土壤自然质量总分值。土地相关系数评价模型的建立本次研究涉及的土地相关系数包括土地利用系数、土地经济系数及土地区位质量指数等，参考众多学者的研究经验并结合研究区实际情况，确定土地利用系数、土地经济系数及土地区位质量指数(包括地块区位质量指数和村庄区位质量指数)的评价模型，从而满足农用地分等定级估价工作的需要，并为相关评价提供模型参考。基础数据库的建立对慈溪市新浦镇土地资源进行属性数据和空间数据的输入、编辑，建立空间数据库和属性数据库。图形资料采用MAPINFO和ARC/INFO软件进行管理，利用MAPINFO进行屏幕数字化和初级编辑，并将MAP州FO下的.TAB形式的文件转换为ARC删Fo下的.SHAPE文件，再在ARC/困Fo系统下进行属性数据的空间插值分析。属性资料包括采样点分析数据的录入、土地利用现状的属性等。采用EXCEL建成土壤养分的统计数据库，通过一个公共项，实现空间数据与属性数据的连接，最终形成农用地等别、级别图。农用地分等参考国家制订的《农用地分等定级规程》，根据地力分析结果、作物经济产量数据及分等参数等计算出农用地自然质量分值，再根据土地修正模型对自然质量分值分别进行土地利用系数和土地经济系数的修正从而得到农用地等指数值，最后根据分等指数值的分布频率将研究区农用地划分为五等，其中一等地428.53 hmZ，占16.0%;二等地1358.62腼2，占50.7%;三等地4s2.44hm，，占25.0%;四等地359.94 hmZ，占13.4%;五等地50.24hln2，占1 .9%。农用地定级根据土地修正模型，对农用地分等指数进行土地区位系数修正，具体包括地块区位系数的修正和村庄区位系数的修正，在修正结果的基础上计算出农用地级别指数，并根据其分布频率将研究区农用地划分为五级，其中一级地503.49hm2，占18.8%:二级地1153.64hm2，占43.lo’o;三级地5一s.45hmZ，占19.2%;四级地42s.95hm2，占16.0%:五级地7s.24hm2，占2.9%。农用地估价农用地估价工作在定级成果的基础上展开，根据研究区农业统计资料及实地调查数据分别对研究区的土地收益、土地投入成本进行统计分析，确定土地还原利率，.并选取适合的地价计算公式对各级土地进行价格评估，从而得到各级农地的基准价格。其中一级地60.09万元爪mZ，二级地54.25万元2 hmZ，三级地46.43万元2 hmZ，四级地35.63万元z腼2，五级地23 1491元/hlnZ。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a hot topic, the problem with population, resource and environment has deteriorated increasingly while the 21 century came. As a fact, China farmland area was only the 1/3 of world, however it’s population accounted for 1/4 of world. So it was very important to how to exploit, utilize and protect our scarce land resource effectively because the land problem influenced not only China economic development but also the world economy. As a major part of state land resource survey, farmland classification, graduation and appraisement was a foundational project with analyzing land property, measuring land quantity, evaluating land quality and revealing land location. And it provided a reference to land resource management, such as land coordination, land expropriation and so on. Furthermore, Geographic Information System had the strong space analytic function so that it could manage both spatial data and attribute data, which was of benefit in reducing work intensity and improving work efficiency. So it had become necessary to employ GIS in farmland classification, graduation and appraisement research.This research was conducted at Xinpu town in Cixi county of Zhejiang province. Making use of MAPINFO, ARC-INFO software and EXCEL for Windows, Basic Datebase in Xinpu has been established and applied to the evaluation of farmland in this area. Whole evaluation process has been attained as follows: Survey in the field 32 samples of farmland were collected in Xinpu town in Jun.2003. And locations of sampling points were sited by GPS. And the data of the land utilized actuality and relatable map were collected.Analysis in the door These items included particle site, pH, organic matter, available N, available P, available K, total salt concentrations and available Zn, available B in soils.The system establishment on farmland natural quality criteria Based on the opinion of experts, soil particle composition, pH, organic matter, available N, available P, available K, total salt concentrations, available Zn and available B had been chosen as the evaluation criteria for farmland natural quality, and each criteria weight was given by the method of AHP. According to the evaluation model of farmland natural quality, total points of each sample was gained.Model establishment on land relational coefficients land relational coefficients included land utilizable coefficient, land economic coefficient and land location coefficient, and these evaluation models were established depending on the opinion of experts and the case of study object. Model establishment could meet the evaluation standard and could give a reference to establish other evaluation model.Basic database establishment The designs of database include objectives, principle, demand, analysis, conception and logical structure designs and data classification. Mapping data is mainly managed and edited with the aid of MAPINFO, ARC/INFO. Based on ARC/INFO platform, thesecond development about the software was conducted to realize the automation of inquiry and check and spatial analysis. The spatial database for mapping of landform, soil nutrients, land use, planning ,and attribute database have been established .while the statistical database have been founded in EXCEL software. Through the common item, spatial database can be joined with statistical database. Farmland classification Based on the regulation of farmland classification and grading by the National Land Resource Ministry of China, the total points of farmland natural quality was calculated with comparatively analyzing soil attribute and social economy. According to the modified-model, natural quality was modified by land utilizable and economic coefficient. Finally, farmland was divided into 5 different classes in this 2679.53hm2 area. The result was: the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 class farmland amounted to 16.0 %, 50.7%, 18.0 %, 13.4% and 1.9% respectively. Farmland graduation According to the modified-model, the class of farmland was modified by land location coefficient, which including plot更多还原