魏晋南北朝挽歌研究

【作者】 杜瑞平；

【导师】 孙金韬；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 挽歌是一种行为，又是一种哀祭文体；是一种文化，又是一种文学现象。它与魏晋南北朝结下了不解之缘。本文以魏晋六朝挽歌为研究对象，探讨魏晋六朝挽歌在文学及审美文化方面的价值。 通过对挽歌起源的考察，说明它是早在上古时期就已产生的一种类似于号子的劳歌，因其曲调悲哀，被丧葬仪式所用，从此就与哀生悼死、慎终追远的丧葬仪式发生了紧密联系。产生于实用的挽歌，其与送葬过程的紧密联系成为本文挽歌的判断标准，即以送葬的顺序和过程(乍死而殓、祭奠送葬、入土埋葬)进行布局谋篇。 以挽歌的判断标准为据，对挽歌作品进行了考证和判断。魏晋六朝之前的挽歌直接影响了挽歌的发展。魏晋六朝挽歌在原先挽歌基础上加以大胆的创新和改造，赋予这一古老的话题以新的结构形式和艺术因素。 魏晋南北朝挽歌经历了独特的魏晋时代和南北朝时期挽歌的演变和定型。挽歌是魏晋文人抒发生死感慨和排遣焦虑的抒情手段和文体形式。陶渊明的三首挽歌是魏晋挽歌的代表，至此，魏晋挽歌达到了高峰；经过南北朝挽歌的发展和演变，挽歌逐渐成熟和完善，至北朝已成为标准的实用挽歌体制。魏晋六朝挽歌的发展可概括为：实用型——抒情型——实用型；他挽诗——自挽诗——赠献挽诗。 不可忽略的是，挽歌还是一种行为，这种特殊的行为便构成了挽歌文化。挽歌与音乐的关系、挽歌所反映的生死观、行为挽歌与诗体挽歌的交织，一起构成了魏晋六朝人的风度与美，唱出了一首凄美绝艳的魏晋六朝挽歌。更多还原

【Abstract】 The elegy can be described as a behavior and a sort of mourning and wield style. Culture and literature mix upon it. The elegy is a special phenomenon in Wei and Jin, North and South Dynasties. The text researches for the elegy trying to discuss its virtue in literature and aesthetic culture.Through researching for the origin of elegy, it could be seen it had been a labor song earliest in the ancient times. Because of its mourning melody, it was adopted in funeral ceremony. From then on, it has the close relationship to life and death. Engendered in practicality, the elegy’s judging criterion is tight related with funeral process. The funeral process is putting the body in coffin after dying, attending ceremony and bury.Holding this criterion, we have a textual research and estimation to elegy. The elegy before Wei and Jin, South and North Dynasties directly affected the elegy poems development. Bold innovation and creation was given to the elegy in this period. The antique topic was put into new forms and art factors.The elegy in these times went through special Wei and Jin Dynasties and evolvement and finalized the design in South and North Dynasties. The elegy is the means and styles expressing people’s emotion and sending anxieties.The three elegy poems written by Tao Yuan Ming are representatives of that of in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Thus, the elegy reached peak. By development in South and North Dynasties, the elegy poems had been matured and perfected gradually. It became standard elegiac system to North Dynasty. The course can be summed that "practicality-express emotion-practicality, the other elegy-elegy on own-present and dedicate elegy ".It can’t be ignored that just at the same time, the elegy is a kind of behavior. This special behavior formed the elegiac culture. It was interlaced with music, the attitude toward life and death, behavior and poem. These altogether composed grace and beauty of these periods.更多还原