【作者】 白利妮；

【导师】 彭贤伟； 陈慧琳；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 当前，世界人口—资源—环境问题日益突出，全球变化成为地学研究的前沿和热点。土地利用／覆盖变化(简称LUCC)及其驱动机制的研究是全球变化的核心内容。贵州具有世界最典型的喀斯特脆弱环境和复杂的人地生态系统，随着生产力的快速增长，脆弱的生态环境在人口压力和不合理经济活动的作用下日益恶化，出现了许多严峻的环境问题和经济问题，其中不断扩大的土地石漠化问题已经成为喀斯特地区最严重的生态环境问题之一。已有的研究集中于石漠化现状的调查，指出石漠化产生的根本原因是不合理的人为活动，但缺乏进一步对石漠化地区土地利用结构演变的驱动力分析，因而难以找到广大石漠化地区生态恢复重建和土地持续利用的普遍模式。 本文以人地关系理论为基础，以系统论、土地利用理论、可持续发展理论等为依据，采用层次比较法、综合分析法、数理统计等方法，结合野外考察，选取自然特征和经济特征都十分典型的贵州喀斯特地区贞丰县、北盘江镇、花江示范区作为研究样区，从分析评价不同尺度下土地利用现状及特点入手，依据土地利用动态变化模型，从不同侧面、角度全面分析了不同尺度的土地利用数量变化、结构变化、程度变化等动态变化规律，对引起研究区土地利用(主要是耕地)变化的驱动因素进行归纳，并进行驱动机制研究，然后尝试建立不同尺度驱动力综合影响数学模型，并提出贵州典型喀斯特地区土地持续利用的对策与措施。研究主要获得如下结论： ① 研究样区在研究期间土地利用发生了大幅度变化。在土地利用的数量变化上，主要表现在农用地与未利用地之间的增减变化；其中北盘江镇的变化幅度最为剧烈。1997～2000年阶段的土地利用变化速度比2000～2003年快，反映出农业产业结构从调整期向平稳期发展。 在土地利用的结构变化上，北盘江镇园地占比增长变化最大，未利用地占比减少最大；贞丰县林地面积占比变化最大；花江示范区同北盘江镇的结构变化相似。花江的土地利用多样性指数变化最大，贞丰县次之。 在土地利用的程度变化上，土地利用程度综合指数都有所提高，整体趋于平衡。县级尺度的土地利用程度综合指数大于镇级尺度，村级尺度的土地利用综合指数最小。北盘江镇处于较快发展时期：花江示范区处于一般发展时期；而贞丰县则处于缓慢发展时期。三个研究区的景观偏离度呈有规律的缓慢增长趋势，表明人类活动对土地利用的影贵州师范大学硕士学位论文响逐渐加强。 ②不同尺度的驱动因素在宏观上是一致的，即土地利用变化是这些驱动因素共同作用的结果。但不同尺度及在不同时段，其土地利用变化的主要驱动力是不同的。较大尺度上(县级尺度)是经济发展(主要是第二、三产业的发展)为主导;较小尺度(镇级尺度)是农业产业结构调整和科技进步驱动;而微观尺度(村尺度)则突出了政策驱动(退耕还林、水土保持等政策)和技术推动的作用。人口增长在任何尺度上都是重要的驱动力。 ③结合研究区土地利用系统变化过程，通过驱动因子的定量和定性分析，尝试建立了不同尺度的土地利用(耕地)变化驱动模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the population-resource-environment problems of the world are increasingly outstanding, making the research on global environmental variation hotspot. And yet the research on land use and land cover change (LUCC) and its driving forces is important part of research on global environmental variation. The fragile karst environment and complex human-land ecosystem of Guizhou are the most typical in the world. With the rapid development of productivity and under population pressure and unreasonable economic activities, the fragile ecologic environment is deteriorating, along with many rigorous environmental and economic problems, in which, rocky desertification has become the most serious problem of ecosystem in karst areas.The former researches concentrating the present situation of rocky desertification, point out the basic reason of rocky desertification is unreasonable human activities. These researches lack further research on driving forces of land-use structure change in the areas with rocky desertification, so that it is hard to find out a common model of ecosystem rebuilding and sustainable utilization in the areas with rocky desertification.. On the basis of theories of human-land relation, and with systemic theory, land-use theory, and theories of sustainable development as the support, the paper, by means of hierarchy comparative analysis, integrating analysis and mathematical statistics, and based on the fieldwork, chooses three typical areas, Zhenfeng county, Beipanjiang town, Huajiang demonstration area as cases.Fromthe analysis and estimate of different land-use actualities and their characteristics and according to the model of land-use dynamic change, the paper, from different sides, analyses the dynamic laws of changes of quantity, structure and degree in different land-use states. Studying the factors of driving forces resulting in the change of land-use states (especially the infield). This paper tries to build a mathematics model of overall influence, and puts forward countermeasures to make a sustainable use of lands in special karst areas of Guizhou. This paper draws the following conclusions:Firstly, significant changes in the land-use have taken place during the period of research in the case sites. Change of quantity in the land-use, reflects mainly the increasing or decreasing changes between non-agricultural lands andagricultural lands, the range of which in Beipangjiang is the largest. From 1997 to 2000, the changing speed of land-use is faster than the one from 2000 to 2003, which reflects that the structure of agriculture is developing from the period of adjustment to the period of steadiness.In the change of land-use construction, in Beipangjiang, the increasing range of garden fields is the largest and the decreasing range of uncultivated lands is the largest. In Zhenfeng, the range of woodlands changes the biggest. The change of construction in Huajiang is similar to the one in Beipangjiang. In short, the changing range of index of land-use diversity in Huajiang is biggest, and the one in Zhenfeng is the second.In the change of land-use degree, the overall index of land-use degree is big,and the whole tend is in equilibrium. In short, the index in county class is bigger than the one in town class and the one in village class is the smallest. Beipangjiang is in the period of quick development, Huajiang in the period of common development and Zhenfeng in the period of slow development. The landscape deviation in three case sites has a trend of slow increase in regulation, which reflects the influence of land-use by human activities is being enhanced gradually.Secondly, driving factors in different dimensions are consistent on the macro level, which expresses land-use change is the result of them. But the main driving power of land-use changes, in different dimensions and in the different time, is different. The one in the dimension of county class is predominant in the developments of the second and third industries, and the one in the dimension of town cla更多还原