【作者】 李亦秋；

【导师】 彭贤伟； 陈慧琳； 任晓冬；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 中国是一个农业大国，农村社区在中国社区中占有很大的比重。近半个世纪以来，我国农村社区发生了翻天覆地的变化。无数的社区摆脱了贫困，无数的社区解决了温饱，也有无数的社区迈向了小康。但由于种种原因，我国农村的社会经济发展还极不平衡。其中西南喀斯特石漠化地区的农村社区是中国贫困人口最集中，贫困程度最严重，环境退化最突出的地方。喀斯特环境的恢复与重建就喀斯特石漠化地区而言，是一项艰巨而复杂的系统工程，它与这些地区的社会经济发展息息相关。没有喀斯特石漠化地区社区社会经济的可持续发展，就没有喀斯特环境的恢复与重建。所以，采取何种手段促进喀斯特地区的社区发展就成了摆在我们面前的一个重大课题。 根据参与式发展理论，结合区域经济学、喀斯特环境学、社会经济统计学等相关学科理论，运用PRA和交互式GIS，以及层次分析法等研究手段，通过参与式农村社区发展在喀斯特石漠化地区的项目实践，本文对喀斯特石漠化地区的参与式农村社区发展问题进行了探讨和研究，主要内容和结论包括： (1) 研究了社区发展的由来及其发展历史，提出社区发展是发展观改革的必然选择，参与式发展起源于社区发展而有不同于社区发展，它是社区发展理论的创新实践的突破：回顾了参与式发展在中国在喀斯特地区的应用实践，提出如何把喀斯特研究的众多理论和实践成果与参与式的理论和方法结合起来，为解决喀斯特地区脆弱的“人地系统”矛盾服务，是摆在我们面前的一个重要科研课题。 (2) 分析了贵州花江石漠化综合治理项目区实施参与式发展的外部环境和内部环境，指出：中国农村社会政治改革和村民自治的实施、改革开放的政策和市场经济体系的逐步完善、国家关于石漠化治理的战略部署、喀斯特石漠化地区的资源环境状况，以及项目区的自然、社会、经济发展演化的客观实际情况，都已经表明在突出社区居民广泛参与的情况下，把喀斯特石漠化综合治理和当地农村社区的社会经济发展、生态环境重建有机地结合起来，已经具备了较好的内外部条件。 (3) 总结了参与式发展在项目区不同石漠化类型区生态综合治理技术与示范子项目、石材开采迹地石漠化综合治理技术与示范子项目和社区建设公众参与技术子项目等三个子项目中的实践，证明：有选择地将各种参与式方法和技巧应用于喀斯特农村社区发展项目不仅是可能的，而且是非常有效的。所有的参与性实践者在实践中不仅熟悉和掌握了参与式的工作方法和工作技巧，并对其有所发展。参与式发展是喀斯特农村社区发展理论和方法上的一种进步，它对喀斯特地区的经济社会进步和社区生态环境的恢复重建，具有十分重要的意义。 (4)构建了项目区社区可持续发展指标体系，并运用数理方法对社区可持续发展能力进行了评价，结果表明:实施地点“人地系统”从2000年的不可持续发展状态发展为2003年的弱可持续发展状态，分领域层和各具体指标的能力指数也都有不同程度的提高，通过“十五”攻关项目参与式社区发展的实施，项目实施地点“人地系统”的可持续发展水平有了较大幅度的增长。 (5)分析了参与式社区发展在喀斯特石漠化地区推广应用中面临的问题，并在此基础上提出了有效促进喀斯特石漠化地区参与式农村社区发展的措施，为喀斯特石漠化地区的农村社区发展提供理论参考。 总之，作为发展理论的一个重要组成部分，参与性发展理论在自然资源、土地利用规划、农业发展与研究、社区与流域规划、政策分析等方面都有成功运用，并取得良好的效果。根据我们的实践，认为该理论能将科研人员的专业知识和当地群众在长期生产实践中的经验很好地结合，充分发挥当地群众的主动性和积极性，使研究与实践紧密地结合在一起，在农村社区发展等方面具有重要的理论和实践意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is great agricultural county. Rural community is possessed of large proportion of Chinese community. The Chinese rural community has great changes in the late half century. Many communities have shaked off poverty; many communities have dressed warmly and earned their fill; and also many communities have walked up to wealth. But due to varieties reasons, the development of the society and economy is much imbalance in our country. The rural communities of southwest karst desertification areas are the areas where are the poorest population, the most serious poverty degree, and the most prominent environment degenerate.To the karst desertification areas, it’s a hard and complicated systems engineering to resume and rebuild the karst environment. It is mostly correlated with the development of the community and economy of these areas. There is no the community and economy’s sustainable development in the karst desertification areas, there is no the karst environment’s rebuilding. Therefore, how to promote the community development puts forward an importance task to us in karst areas.Via the participatory practice, the article discussed and studied the problems of the participatory development of the rural community in karst desertification areas, basing on the participatory theories and the interrelated theories of regional economics, karst environment science, society economical statistics, along with the PRA, GIS, SPSS and the Anaeytic hierarchy Process etc. The main contents and conclusions include:(1) The article studied the origin and development history of the community development, and brought forward that community development is the certain choice of the reform of the development notions. Participatory development is the academic innovation and practical breakthrough of the community development. The article also reviewed the practice of theparticipatory development in the karst areas, and pointed out that how to fell together many theoretics and practice harvest of karst researches, and service for settling the conflict of the human and land system is an importance scientific research task to us.(2) Analyzed the external and the inner circumstance of actualizing participatory development in rock desertification integrated management areas in Guizhou, Huajiang, the article pointed out that the rural economy and polity reform and the villager autonomy implement, the fashion and external open policy and the gradual perfect market economy system, the tactic deploy about rock desertification management of our country, the resource and environment status of the karst desertification areas, and the impersonality status of naturalness, society and economy evolvement in case areas, which were all indicated that we banded rock desertification management, community economical development and entironment rebuilding in karst rural community which has already possessed preferable conditions.(3) The article summarized the practice of the participatory development in the three seed items which was zoology integrated management in different types rock desertification areas, rock desertification integrated management in ruins areas of rock exploitation and community building public participating techniques, and proved that it’s not only possible, but also effective to apply kinds of the participatory measure and techniques in karst areas. The participatory operator not only knew well the measure and techniques, but also developed it. The article testified that it is a progress in theory and in technique to carry into execution participatory development in karst rural community development field. Participatory development is significance for community economical developing, community entiroment rebuilding and eventually realizing community sustainable development.(4) Constructed the indicator system of community sustainable development of item areas, and used the mathematical method to evaluate the ability of community sustainable development, the article indicated that: the human更多还原