新加坡政府在提升国际竞争力中的作用

【作者】 程小华；

【导师】 杨烨；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 进入20世纪90年代，特别是冷战结束后，以经济为核心的国际竞争日趋激烈，它使各国国际竞争力成为一种不断变动的动态过程。为争夺21世纪新的制高点，知己知彼变得极其重要，对国际竞争力的关注从来没有象今天这样引人瞩目。经济全球化的迅猛发展正在把越来越多的民族国家纳入到以国际分工为基础的全球网络，一个无国界的国际竞争时代已经悄然来临。面对激流澎湃的全球化浪潮，各民族国家惟有不断提高本国的国际竞争力，才能确保本国利益的持续增加和综合国力的长盛不衰。 既然国际竞争力已成为未来经济发展的决定性因素，那么由谁来提升国际竞争力?或谁是国际竞争力提升的主要推动力?政府责无旁贷!最有权威的国际竞争力研究机构——瑞士洛桑国际管理发展学院认为，政府效率对于提高国际竞争力是必要的，有时甚至是决定性的；政府作用的适当与否对于国际竞争力强大与否有至关重要的影响。鉴于这一点，许多国家的政府已经非常重视对于国际竞争力的研究，并且采取各种有力的措施来增强本国国力。 本文力图以新加坡为个案进行具体分析，寻求政府与国际竞争力之间关系作出解答。新加坡这样一个资源极其贫乏的“海岛”小国，究竟什么因素促成其经济的迅速崛起?又何以维系其“冲不垮”的竞争实力?事实证明，高效、廉洁、法治严明的政府起着根本性的作用。 新加坡政府以“强政府”著称。它在长期的发展过程中，形成了一套独具特色的政府制度和高效的行政管理体制，从而为政府政策的有效性提供了强有力的制度支持和保障。新加坡政府实行资本自由竞争制度，又重视政府对经济的干预，巧妙地把政府对经济生活的介入和自由市场经济结合起来，在运用市场机制这只“看不见的手”对经济活动进行自发调节的同时，充分发挥了政府管理职能这只“看得见的手”的积极作用，从而保证了社会经济协调迅速发展，使之在国际竞争中始终立于不败之地。 同时，政府采取强有力的宏观调控政策，对国际竞争力各要素(基础设施、国内经济实力、金融体系、科学与技术、企业管理、国民素质、国际化程度)的培育和增强以及对整体竞争力的提升作出了巨大贡献。 分析说明：高效、廉洁、法治严明的政府是新加坡国际竞争力处于世界前茅的根本动力；决定新加坡国力的归根到底的是制度因素——资本制度和政府干预的有机结合；同时，政府充分认识本国国情，关注国际形势的变化和发展，遵循市场经济规律，发挥本国竞争力优势，扬长避短，走出了一条适合本国经济发展和国力提升的道路。这些对于其他国家包括中国在内都将是十分有益的。更多还原

【Abstract】 As it came to the 1900s, especially after the Cold War, international competitions centering on the economy have become increasingly severe, which has created a dynamic community. Countries have been striving for dominating status in the 21st century, and have realized that it is of great significance to know others as well as themselves. Therefore, their concern on international competitiveness has never been greater as it is today. In the meantime, rapid development of economic globalization has absorbed more and more national countries into the global net whose basis is on international division of labor, ushering in an era of international competitions regardless of boarders. Faced with the insurgent globalization waves, only by constantly enhancing their own international competitiveness can every national country ensure the sustained increase in their own profits and long-term prosperity of overall national strength.Now that international competitiveness has made the decisive factor of the economic development in the future, then what can enhance the power? Or what will be the main drive to enhance it? There is no shirking the responsibility of the government. The most authoritative research institute on international competition-Switzerland Lausanne International Management Development Institute, supports that government efficiency is a must to enhance the power and sometimes even decisive. Whether the government function is proper plays an important role in international competitiveness. Herein, many governments have already attached great importance to the study on international competitiveness and taken various effective measures to strengthen their own national power.This paper is to carry through specific analysis on the case of Singapore and solve the problem in search of the relationship between the government and the international competitiveness. As a little "island" country scarce in resources, what on earth are the factors that cause the rapid economic growing up of Singapore? The facts prove high efficient, honest and upright government with strict law plays a decisive role.Singapore government is known as "strong government". A set of unique and characteristic government system and highly efficient official administrative system has been established during the long-term process of development and has provided powerful regulation guarantee for the policy efficiency of the government. The Singapore government implements the capital liberal competition system, which emphasize the government’s function on economy by combining skillfully thegovernment’s intervention into the economic life with free market economy. It resorts to the "invisible hand" of the market mechanism to carry through spontaneous adjustment of the economic activity. Meanwhile, it makes the most of the "visible hand" of the government administrative function so as to ensure the harmonious and rapid development of social economy and make the international competitiveness remain invincible.At the same time, the government has taken powerful macro control policies which have contributed to the enhancement of every element of international competitiveness (Infrastructure, Domestic Economic Strength, Financial system, Science and Technology, Enterprise Administration, Country qualification, Internationalization).The analysis proves the high efficient, honest and upright government with strict law plays makes the basic drive of Singaporean international competitiveness listing world top. The system factor is in the final analysis to decide on the Singaporean national power-perfect combination of the capital system and the government intervention. Meanwhile, the government fully makes known the situation of its country, pays attention to the changes and development of international environment, exert the advantage of its international competition, brings out the advantage and avoid the disadvantage and walks out a road adapting to its economic development and the enhancement of national power, which is profitable to other count更多还原