数字版权保护（DRM）技术标准的比较研究

【作者】 朱少强；

【导师】 范并思；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 情报学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 信息时代，新的网络及数字化环境给传统意义上的版权带来了重大挑战。数字版权保护(DRM)技术是近几年国际上出现的一种融加密、签名、摘要、PKI公钥体制、DOI、XML、元数据、电子支付为一体的新兴技术，并被视为数字化时代解决版权问题的可能方案。与传统对数字化内容进行简单加密限制或访问控制不同，DRM力图协调保护知识产权与方便信息获取之间的矛盾，打造数字化内容的新型电子商务模式，使买卖双方达成双赢的结果。 本文从比较的角度对DRM技术进行研究。首先，对DRM技术的产生背景、基本概念、国内外DRM研究进展进行了综述，对比了国内外研究的差距，论述了对DRM技术标准进行比较研究的重要意义。其次，对加密、签名、摘要、PKI公钥体制、DOI、XML、元数据等DRM技术基础，以及DRM总体构架作了简要介绍，并比较了两种不同的构架模型。 在任何信息系统的开发中，需求分析都是最基础、最重要的一个环节。DRM作为一个大的技术体制，同样也不例外。由于需求的可变性及潜在性，正确认识与理解需求往往并非易事；对DRM进行需求收集与分析的结果，也在不断地发展与变化。本文列举了W3C、AAP、MPEG、OeBF、OASIS等行业标准化组织收集的不同需求文本，并从详尽性、抽象性、重合度、组织背景与利益倾向等方面比较了它们的异同。 权利表达语言(Rights Expression Language,REL)是DRM技术体系的关键与核心部分。ODRL与XrML是目前国际上两种主要的、互相竞争的权利表达语言，本文从需求符合度、核心概念、层次性、易理解性、成熟度、可扩展性、市场占有率、专利权限制等方面比较了它们的异同；并简单介绍了DPRL、XMCL、XACML、LicenseScript等其他权利语言。 DRM技术主要有两大应用领域，一类是电子书及电子文档，另一类是视频与音频流媒体。本文对这两类典型应用中的主要DRM系统和产品，包括EBX、Adobe、方正Apabi、Windows Media DRM、Real Helix DRM系统设计和特性作了扼要陈述。 作为比较研究的结果，本文末尾对现有DRM技术与产品的不足进行了分析；提出了建设完善的DRM技术标准应解决的若干矛盾；对未来DRM技术标准可能的前景、趋势进行了推测。提出了一个权利语言抽象描述框架，试图解决权利表达的互操作性问题。最后，针对我国DRM技术研究、开发与应用的落后状况，提出了引进国外先进技术、建立开放合作的DRM知识形成体系、开发具有自主知识产权的技术标准和产品等应对策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 The freshly new digital and Internet environment of our information era have posed great threat to the so-called copyright. DRM (Digital Rights Management) is a new technology emerged in recent years which is seen as a solution to the digital copyright. DRM is different from the ever widely used limitation by encryption or access control methodology in that, it makes efforts to balance between intellectual property protection and the prompt acquisition of information. It enables new e-commerce models for digital content, trying out to reach a win-win result through that.This paper conducts a comparative research to DRM technologies. First it gives an overview to the background, typical definitions, as well as international and domestic progress of DRM. It shows the gap between international and domestic DRM application, and lists the value of this comparative research. After that, a brief introduction to several former techniques which bases DRM and two different DRM architecture models are also presented.Requirement analysis is critical to every information system, and that has no exception for DRM. It is not easy to recognize or understand those requirements because they are always variable and implicit. This paper lists DRM requirements from five standardization groups-W3C, AAP, MPEG, OeBF, OASIS, as well as make a comparison to them from several angles.Rights Expression Language is a key part of DRM. ODRL and XrML are two major competing REL. This paper shows the similarity and difference of these two from many aspects, such as their core concepts, fidelity to the expressed DRM requirements, layer of presentation, eligibility, maturity, extensibility, market performance, and patent limitation. By the way, give an overview to some other typical DRM languages.There are two major applications for DRM, namely eBooks and video/audios. The designs and system features of five leading DRM products, including EBX, Adobe, Apabi of Founder Electronics, Microsoft Windows Media DRM, and Real Helix DRM are briefly listed.As a result of this comparison research, this paper presents the drawbacks of current DRM techniques and products, poses several paradoxes which have to be confronted for a better DRM solution, indicates the outlook of future DRM. An abstract framework of Rights Expression Language is proposed to add more flexibility and interoperability. Also, measures are suggested to be taken as next step for us dealing with the unfavorable situation.更多还原