【作者】 金紫阳；

【导师】 黄民生； 张明；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以上海宝钢股份有限公司的工业循环冷却水系统中微生物为研究对象，较全面系统地检测了四类典型水系统中(系统补水、清循环冷却水系统、纯水密闭系统、污循环系统)微生物的生长情况，研究并探讨宝钢循环冷却水系统中微生物的生长规律及控制方法。 主要研究内容包括：循环冷却水系统中菌种分离及初步鉴定；系统管壁上固着型微生物生长规律研究；随季节变化微生物生长规律研究；不同的加药周期、加药浓度下微生物变化规律研究；非氧化性杀菌剂抗药性研究；高浓度倍数下氧化性杀菌剂适应性研究以及硫酸盐还原菌荧光原位杂交(FISH)快速检测技术研究等内容。希望通过这些研究，掌握钢铁企业典型循环冷却水系统中微生物的生长规律和抗药性的发生规律，提出药剂使用的改进方案，制定合理的应对措施，完善杀菌剂使用质量控制标准，保障宝钢的典型循环冷却水系统安全运行，节约运行成本，为宝钢创造一定的经济效益和环境效益，同时为其他行业的循环冷却水系统的微生物控制提供一定的参考依据。 主要研究结论如下： 1．在循环冷却水系统中共分离得到19株菌株。经初步鉴定，主要为奈瑟氏球菌属、假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、葡萄球菌属、变形菌属等。其中芽孢杆菌属有6株，变形菌属有5株。 2．通过试验检测，各循环冷却水系统中未发现有明显的固着型微生物生长。宝钢高炉鼓风清系统中挂片上的异养细菌数在10~4～10~5CFU／cm~2，铁细菌数在10~2个／cm~2；电炉系统中挂片上的异养细菌数在10~2～10~4CFU／cm~2，铁细菌数在10~2个/cm~2；热轧B系统中挂片上的异养细菌数在10~5～10~6CFU／cm~2，铁细菌数在10~4个／cm~2。微生物检测和金属挂片观察结果均表明目前的运行工况条件能有效地控制固着微生物的生长，循环冷却水系统中生物结垢和硫酸盐还原菌引起的生物腐蚀等得到有效控制。 3．微生物季节性生长规律研究表明： a) 补给水系统、清循环系统、污循环系统中微生物以异养细菌为主，补给水系统在冬季、春季、秋季的异养细菌数均在10~2个／ml以下，夏季在10~2个／ml；清循环系统在冬季、春季、秋季的异养细菌数在10~3～10~4个／ml之间，夏季在10~4～10~5个／ml之间；相对其它季节，夏季微生物数量较多，因此在夏季应加强微生物控制。 b) 纯水密闭系统中微生物以异养细菌为主。由于纯水密闭系统水温的季节变化较小，且密闭循环运行，所以各季节微生物的数量变化并不明显，其异养细菌数量都在10~4～10~5个／ml之间，其微生物的数量变化主要受投加杀菌剂的影响。 4．通过对各典型水系统在加药周期内微生物生长变化规律的分析，得出： a) 宝钢典型循环水系统中微生物的检验周期以1周为最佳，且在加药前采样为宜。宝钢典型循环冷却水系统微生物生长规律从控制拟l)’匕b)对一J几洁抓环系统，氧化性杀菌剂和非氧化性杀菌剂交林使川效果明显。c)在污循环系统，卜，smg/L/周的氧化性杀菌剂JD一1加药剂员即.iJ‘有效控制微生物 的‘!二长，建议污循环系统夏季加药剂量从少匕jiJ’的20mg/L/周减少为51119几/周，其 他季节加药剂量从先前的IOmg/L/周减少为smg/L/周，这将为‘;之钢节省药剂费 168万元/年。目前长期使用非氧化性杀菌剂S一103的纯水密闭系统中S一103的使)lJ效果不仕，I(lJ非氧化性杀菌剂N一7330杀菌效果良好，建议投加剂量为IO0ing几。纯水密闭系统中长期使用同一种二}「氧化性杀菌剂会使其t}，的微生物)户，:‘_卜打〔药性。l:l前长期使用非氧化性杀菌剂S一103的纯水密闭系统中的微生物对S一103已产生抗药性。该抗药性的获得主要是由药物诱导所致，并不稳定。具有S一103抗药J性的微生物对另一药剂s一100不具有交叉耐药性。因此，对己显示抗药性的纯水密闭系统可采用更换不同类型的杀菌剂，将两种(或两种以上)不同类型的非氧化性杀菌剂交替使用的方法，以控制系统中微生物抗药性的产生。在浓缩倍数较高的‘i二钢清循环系统l一卜使用氧化卜l:杀菌剂，可起到明11泛的杀菌作川，在加药周期内各系统中微生物数量均在10，个/ml以下，没有超标，因此，!叮以认为目前使用的氧化性杀菌剂方案在目前系统较高的浓缩倍数一I.’使用是有效的。而进一步的实验室试验表明，目前的氧化性杀菌剂方案ijJ适应系统的pH和浓缩倍数继续提}苛。在进行系统的安全性和合理性分析的基础上，提出了微生物控制修门指标。清循环系统和污循环系统异养菌数应控制在sxlOS个/，111(夏天)、lxl05个/:111(冬天)以下;纯水密闭系统异养菌数应控制在lxl护个/ll 11以卜。在借鉴国外参考文献的纂础上，对FISH技术在硫酸盐还原菌检测，!，的实验方法和条{)I:等进行探索和研究，并应用于‘i之钢典型抓环冷却水系统‘I，，}:.物)jQ样.}l，的实际检测，结果表明FISH技术可对硫酸盐还原菌进行快速检测，其检测时间可山传统MPN法的21天缩短至2人，在循环冷却水系统有害微/}叫如均检测和控制，}，(J’肴良好的应)}j前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Microorganism that studied in this thesis as an important research object was tested in circulating cooling water of Baosteel Co., Ltd. The growth condition of the microorganism in four kinds of classic water system, including make-up water system of circulation, water system of clean circulation, water system of closed-circuit circulation , water system of turbid circulation, was strictly examined and the growth regularity along with the control methods of microbe were also explored in details. Six major contents were involved: the separation and identification of fungus in closed water system; the growth regularity of sessile bacteria on the tube surface of system; the growth regularity of microbe in different seasons; the growth regularity of microbe in different bactericide adding periods and bactericide adding intensity; the study of drug-resistance of non-oxidizing bactericide and the flexibility of oxidizing bactericide under high concentrated multiple and using study of quikly check-up SRB in FISH. Through the research, we hope to understand the microbial growth rule of the typical recycling cooling water system of iron and steel enterprises as well as the drug-fast generating rule, to improve the medicament-using plan and come up with appropriate measures so as to improve the quality control standard of bactericide usage, guarantee the secure running of Baogang’s typical recycling cooling water system and save its running cost, making economic and environmental benefits for the industry and laying a foundation for the improvement of the microbial controlling technology of recycling cooling water system for the entire iron and steel industry. Meanwhile, the research is of significance of a reference for the microbial controlling technology of recycling cooling water system in other industries. The thesis consists of the following conclusions:1. Ninteen strains of heterotropHic bacteria were separated from the closed water system. They are Neisseria, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, StapHylococcus, Proteus etc.2. Studying the growth regularity of sessile bacteria: no sessile bacteria was apparently discovered in all Baosteel water circulation system, the inspection of planktonic microbe reflects the whole living condition of microbe.3. Growth regularity of microbe in different seasons: heterotropHic bacteria was considered the main microbe in all the circulation system; in summer, the amount of microbe in the system is much higher than other seasons, more control methods should be intensified to the microbe during summer.4. Growth regularity of microbe in different adding bactericide periods: the best period ofinspections is one week, and sampling before drag adding is much better. It has effect in evidence that the oxidizing bactericide and the no-oxidizing bactericide use alternatively in water system of clean circulation. Better performance of adding the oxidizing bactericide to the turbid circulation water system. The method of half reduction of dose could be available and 1,680,000 annual expenses could be saved for Baosteel Co., Ltd.5. Growth regularity of microbe in different drag adding intensity: it is not suitable to add non-oxidizing bactericide S-103 in the water system. Good effects have been proved by using non-oxidizing bactericide N-7330, 100mg/L of additive is suggested.6. The experiment of inhibition zones showed that the main factor microbile made drag-resist using the same non-oxidizing bactericide for long time in the water circulation system.The drug-resistance of the microbe to non-oxidizing bactericide S-103 which mainly induced by the drags has been proved in water system of closed-circuit circulation. The results obtained showed the drag-resistance caused by adaptation of microbile produced fast and reversibly or unstable. The experiment also gave such results that S-100 did not have the crossed-resistance which was opposite to S-103. Therefore, different kinds of bacteticide could be used in the closed water system in which the resistance was already appeared. To av更多还原