电磁脉冲生物效应的剂量研究及安全标准探讨

【作者】 林凡；

【导师】 陈树德；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 生物物理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 电磁辐射可能导致各种健康效应已引起人们越来越多的关注。随着全球化贸易和世界范围内移动通讯的快速发展，需要对电磁场的辐射安全标准的进行协调统一。电磁脉冲辐射存在非热生物效应的证明不断地增加，对以往完全基于吸收能量获得的电磁辐射安全标准提出疑问。 实验研究了两种典型电磁脉冲对正常人肝细胞(L-02)及人真皮成纤维细胞增殖能力的影响，及对成纤维细胞膜流动性的影响，分析了电磁脉冲暴露产生的细胞生物效应与介质内部电场参数的关系。结合电磁脉冲细胞生物效应的实验结果和色散介质时域有限差分方法分析电磁脉冲(EMP)对三维人体模型作用的数值计算结果，阐明辐照剂量远低于现有的安全标准的脉冲电场暴露可以产生十分显著的生物效应。 引入比电冲量SEI的概念。通过对比吸收率SAR、比吸收能量SA、比电冲量SEI作为电磁脉冲细胞生物效应辐射剂量表征量的比较，阐明对于电磁脉冲而言，采用比电冲量SEI作为安全剂量标准量化指标可能更为合理。 最后，分析了简化细胞模型跨膜电位的基本特征，探讨了细胞跨膜电位的变化与脉冲电场在细胞内部产生的比电冲量SEI之间的关系。并对比电冲量SEI引起细胞跨膜电位的变化进行估算，结合脉冲电场细胞生物效应的实验结果，指出比电冲量SEI引起跨膜电位的变化可能是电磁脉冲生物效应的机理之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 With growing concern being expressed that exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) may cause various health effects, the EMF Project has been established by many countries to determine if there were adverse health effects that could result which need to be addressed. Globalization of trade and the rapid increasing of mobile telecommunications worldwide have caused the WHO’s (the World Health Organization) focus attention on the large differences existing in the EMF exposure standards performed by different institutions. The increasing evidence from the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) non-thermal bioeffects suggested that the safety assessment based on energy absorption is questionable.The results from EMP non-thermal bioeffects experiments ( the EMP affect cell proliferation experiments and the EMP affect cell membrane fluidity experiments) and from the simulation of 3D human body model exposed to EMP with frequency-dependence time-domain finite-difference ((FD)2TD) method showed that the EMP bioeffects could be remarkable though the absorbed energy is far below the existing safety limit.The Sepcific electric impulse (SEI) is introduced as a new expresser of EMP radiation dosimetry. Comparing with the Specific absorption (SA) and the Specific absorption rate (SAR), the SEI may be more reasonable for described the EMP bioeffects. The basal characters of the transmembrane voltage in a simplified cell model were studied and the change of the transmemebrane voltage when exposure to EMP were analyzed. It indicated that the SEI-caused-transmembrane voltage change may be one of the EMP bioeffects mechanisms.更多还原