从学校到工作的转换

【作者】 纪军；

【导师】 高志敏；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 成人教育学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 在社会主义市场经济不断完善、高等教育逐步走向大众化的时代背景下，大学毕业生已成为一个倍受社会关注的就业群体，对其职业生涯发展问题的探讨正日渐增多。本研究运用个案研究方法，对三位来自农村在上海工作的大学毕业生进行了访谈，深入考察了他们的从学校到工作的经历，从而较为系统地审视了其职业生活适应问题。 论文共七章： 第一章为绪论，简要介绍了论题的缘起、研究的一般背景与意义，对研究中使用的重要概念进行了的界定。 第二章为文献综述，对本课题的既有研究文献进行了系统的梳理，并对先行研究的主要成就和有待深入研究的问题进行了分析。 第三章为研究方法与过程，对研究方法的选择、访谈对象的确定、资料的收集与分析进行了说明，并对研究的信度、效度、伦理道德等问题进行了思考。 第四、五、六章分别为学校生活中的生涯发展、角色转换与关注的转移、职业生涯发展与终身学习，构成论文的访谈部分。围绕六个访谈主题——大学与专业选择中家庭、学校与自我的影响、学校生活中的生涯探索、角色的转换、关注的转移、职业生活适应的影响因素、以及职业生活与终身学习，本研究对三位被访者的职业生活经历进行了考察。 第七章为结论与建议，系统总结了个案研究的几点结论，提出了推进大学毕业生从学校到工作转换的若干建议，并对后续研究进行了展望。 研究结果表明： (1)在农村学生选择大学与专业的过程中，家庭关注的是身份转换、学校提供的生涯指导极为有限，而个体承担了较多的生涯决策责任；(2)大学中的生涯探索有特殊的教育价值，有助于大学生认识自我的社会角色与职业倾向、了解人才市场和职业生活；(3)“成人学习者角色”对大学毕业生适应职业生活有着积极的作用，它推动了实践性知识的增长，成为个体应对职业环境变动的主动策略；(4)职业生活适应过程中，大学毕业生的“关注”经历了任务关注、关系关注和职业生涯发展关注三个阶段；(5)影响大学毕业生职业生活适应的因素主要有个体因素(职业印象、职业锚以及知识与能力)和外部因素(职业组织、朋友和家庭)；(6)推动大学毕业生的职业生涯发展，需要改进大学与工作世界的联系，处理好职业组织和个体间的冲突，并提供丰富的终身学习机会。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of market economy and mass higher education, the graduates’ employment has been focused. Today, more and more researchers are discussing their career development. Using the qualitative research method, the author interviewed with three graduates respectively, who came from the country and work in Shanghai now. Through their occupational living experiences, the paper probes the school-to-work transition question of university graduates.The main contents of the thesis are as follows:The first chapter points out the genesis, background and significance of the research, then defines the key words.The second chapter is literature summarization. On the basis of document and data summed up, this section analyses the main-achievements and subsistent deficiency of this research field.The third chapter is method and process of the research. This chapter explains the qualitative research method, the case study, the access provider, and the collection of data. Then, the paper reflects on the validity, ethic questions, etc.The chapters from fourth to sixth, which are respectively career development in schooling, transition of the role and the concern, career development and lifelong learning, narrate the experiences of their occupation. There are six themes: ( i ) the influence of family, middle school and student in the process of selection of university and specialty; ( ii ) career exploration in university; (iii) transition of the role; (iv) changes of the concern; (v) factors of influencing occupational living; and (vi) occupational living and lifelong learning.The last chapter, which sums up the conclusion of cases study, provides four advices to promote the school-to-work transition of graduate. In addition, the paper explains the tasks of future research.This research indicates:( i ) The factors of family, middle school and individual play different role on the selection of university and profession. ( ii ) It is important for graduate to explore the work field, which helps individual to cognize the social role, work preference, employment market and occupational living. (iii) It is adult learner role that has positive effect on increasing practical knowledge and facing challenge from workshop, (iv) There are three phases in the process of graduates’ adaptation to occupational living, which are task-concern phase, relation-concern phase and career-concern phase. (v) It is four facts that influence the occupational living: individual, organization, friends and family, (vi) In order to promote the school-to-work transition, besides reforming the relation of university and workshop, it is also necessary to settle the conflict between organization and individual, and to increase the lifelong learning resource.更多还原