关于我国大学毕业生就业问题的研究

【作者】 李锐利；

【导师】 文新华；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的转型、就业机制的变革、高校的扩招，近年来，我国大学毕业生的就业问题日益凸显，在一定程度上成了具有普遍性的社会现象，成为关系到高等教育的改革和发展，影响到高校与社会的关系，关系到高等教育的办学效益，以及社会安定的综合性问题。鉴于此，有必要对我国大学毕业生的就业问题作进一步的研究和探讨。 本文在对我国大学生就业的现状进行分析的基础上，对大学生就业“难”进行再定位，借鉴市场经济发展比较成熟的国家的成功的就业机制和模式，结合我国的国情，从宏观到微观，从政府到高等教育、大学生自身等若干方面，就如何改变这种现状，提出了一些建设性的对策。 论文的第一章对就业的基本理论问题进行了探讨。对就业和失业的几个相关概念进行了界定和分析，并联系到大学毕业生的具体情况进行了界定。 论文的第二章对我国的整体就业形势进行了分析，为以下大学毕业生的就业形势和问题的分析提供了一个大的背景和框架。文章指出：在相当长的时期内，我国的就业压力将持续存在。文章分析了目前我国面临的主要就业问题，以及未来20年我国采取的可行性的就业战略对策。 论文第三章通过问卷调查和访谈等方式对目前我国大学毕业生的就业心态进行了调查，调查的内容包括：大学毕业生的就业意向、就业途径、就业反思等内容，从实证的角度分析了就业难的原因，诸如：就业观的不现实；就业途径的非市场化；高校的课程设置、就业指导的不完善；毕业生自身的就业能力的欠缺等。 论文第四章对我国大学毕业生的就业问题进行了理论的分析。提出我国大学毕业生就业面临的困难是“相对就业困难”。并对“相对就业困难”的成因进行了分析，主要从客观因素、高等教育自身的因素、大学毕业生的主体因素几个方面进行了分析。 论文第五章对促进我国大学毕业生就业的对策进行了论述。文章首先对国际上几个具有代表性的国家的大学毕业生就业的模式进行了介绍和分析。然后，结合我国的实际情况，从政府、高等教育、大学毕业生自身等几个角度提出了促进大学毕业生就业的对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Going with the transformation of economy, the change of employment mechanism and the enlarged scale of recruiting students, in recent years,the problems of graduate employment are becoming severe in our country and becoming a universal social phenomenon in a degree,and which is a comprehensive problem that relates to the reform and development of higher education, the relationship of the colleges and the universities and the society, the benefits of running higher education and the social stability.Based the above reasons , it’s necessary that probing into the problems of graduate employment in our country further.This dissertation defines the difficulty of graduate employment again based the analysis of the actuality of Chinese graduate employment, proposes some constructive countermeasures macroscopically and microcosmicly from government to higher education and graduate themselves.The first chapter probes into the essential academic problems about employment, which defines the related concepts about employment and unemployment, and defines employment and unemployment of graduate based on the actuality of Chinese graduate employment.The second chapter analyzes the general situation of employment in our country, which provides a great background and frame and points out: the pressure of employment will exist in a long time. The article analyzes the main problems our country encountered at the present time and the strategies and countermeasures of employment we will adopt in the future twenty years.The third chapter investigates the Chinese graduate’s opinions on employment through surveys by questionnaires conducted among samples of students and interview. The contents involves: employment intent, employment ways and the employment thinking of graduate employment, which analyzes the reasons of difficulties of graduate employment based on demonstration, such as : unrealistic employment ideals, non-marketed employment ways, the imperfect curriculums placement and graduate employment guidance in the colleges and the universities, the deficiency in the graduates’ own qualities.In the fourth chapter, the article analyzes the problems of graduate employment theoretically, proposes that problems the graduate employment encountered is "relative difficulty", and analyzes the economy, system ,society, education reasons and the reasons in graduates themselves.The fifth chapter dissertates the countermeasures in accelerating graduate employment. Firstly, the article introduces and analyzes the representative graduate employment model in several countries. Secondly, combining with actuality in our country, puts forward the countermeasures of accelerating graduate employment from the angles of government, higher education and graduates themselfes.更多还原