【作者】 刘静；

【导师】 杜桂森；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 植物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 密云水库是北京城市供水最主要的地表水源，也是唯一的地表饮用水水源。目前其面临的主要威胁是水体富营养化。我们以2002～2003年的调研为基础，结合1980年以来的相关资料，对以下问题进行探讨： 密云水库初级生产力主要决定于浮游藻类的群落组成和细胞密度。2002、2003年共观察到浮游藻类8门，58属125种；浮游藻类群落有生长季节（6月—9月）和非生长季节之分，分别为蓝藻型和硅藻—绿藻型。从1980年至今，随着水体营养水平的提高，浮游藻类的细胞密度增加了近4倍，优势种群也由中营养型演替为富营养型。 浮游动物共检出4门，30属，36种；浮游动物群落具有原生动物数量多，轮虫次之，枝角类与桡足类量少的特点，呈现出浮游动物数量大、小型化、多样性低等伴随水体富营养化出现的特征。底栖大型无脊椎动物种类逐年减少的，2002年仅观测到寡毛类的正颤蚓和摇蚊幼虫类的大红德永摇蚊，它们均是富营养型水体的指示种类。 于1980相比，2002—2003年密云水库水体营养盐含量增加，COD_Mn、BOD₅升高，水体透明度降低等等，多项指标的TSI_M大于53。密云水库水体营养程度具有空间和时间上的差异。白河主坝、恒河水质相对较好，其次是潮河主坝，水源九厂，库西，套里；水质相对差的为库东、金沟一带；水库富营养化状态评价的各项标准若按照年均值评价，营养状态为中到富营养状态；若按照年内最大值评价，则6月—9月为富营养，其它月份大多为中到富营养状态。 全面分析了密云水库水体系统中营养物之间、营养物与藻类生长之间的相互关系，分别探讨了各种环境因子对密云水库富营养化的影响，结合藻类增长潜力实验和现场围隔实验确定密云水库富营养化的主要控制因子。结果表明，光、温度，磷营养盐，库容量、水流流态等都能成为密云水库富营养化的主要控制因子。更多还原

【Abstract】 Miyun Reservoir, the source of the surface water and the only source of drinking water in Beijing, is being confronted with the menace of the eutrophication. We discussed several problems, based on the research from 1980 to 2003.The community and cell density of phytoplankton determined the elementary productivity of Miyun Reservoir. One hundred and twenty -five species were inspected,which belong to 58 genera 8 phylum. And the community of phytoplankton changed with the season,the blue green algae type during growing season and diatom-green algae type beyond growing season. From 1980 to 2003, the cell density of phytoplankton increased by 3 times with the increasing of nutrient and now eutrophicational phytoplankton are common in the lake.Five water sampling collected from Miyun Reservoir were observed quantitatively. Thirty-six species of zooplankton including 11 protozoan, 15 rotifers,6 cladocero and 4 copepoda were found. The results showed the eutrophicational feature, such as lower biodiversity ,miniaturization and more amount.Benthic macroinvertebrates were studied in 5 sampling sites. The results indicated the species were becoming little and little. We only inspected 2 species Tubifex sp and Tokunagayasyrida akamus, which are all eutrophicational designate species.Compared with the research in 1980, TP, TN, CODMn, and BOD5 increased, reversely SD failed. The TSIM value of many guideline exceed 53,which showed eutrophication of water body. The level of nutrient changed with the season and sites. The water quality in Baihe Dam and Henghe were the best, secondly Chaohe Dam, Kuxi and Taoli, the worst Kudong and Jingou Cofferdam. Average value from the whole year indicated there was the tendency to eutrophication. However, the month value differed. During growth season the water body was in the state of eutrophication, beyond growth season in transition period.The relationship among different nutrients and the relationship between the nutrients and algae growth in Miyun Reservoir were comprehensively analysed. Combined with the experiment of algae growth potential, the influence of various environmental factors on eutrophication in Miyun Reservoir were investigated and the main controlling factors of eutrophication in the lake identified. It shows that the main controlling factor of eutrophication in Miyun Reservoir are light, temperature, nutrient , water capacity and velocity of flow, while the control of phosphorus is the key to control eutrophication in Miyun Reservoir.更多还原